Table 1.

Summary of main variations of tumor markers levels in CKD, dialysis, and kidney transplantation.

	CKD	Hemodialysis	Peritoneal dialysis	Kidney transplantation
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)	=	=	=	=
Beta-2-microglobulin (b2m)	↑	↑	↑	↑
Beta-HCG	↑	↑	—	—
CA 15-3 and CA 27.29	↑	↑*; =*	—	=
CA 125	=	=	↑ In case of peritonitis or PD catheter placement	=
CA 19-9	=*; ↑*	—	—	—
Total tPSA	=	↓	=	—
Free fPSA	↑	↑	—	—
Chromogranin A	↑	↑	—	↑

= : unvaried with respect to patients with normal renal function; ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; —: no sufficient data; *see text.