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. 2014 Feb 24;9(2):e88941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088941

Table 14. Easy Transition (each comparison cell shows the costs paradigm shift/static-dynamic type shift/hop count).

Ada C C++ C# Fortran Java Modula-2 Pascal Python Total Cost Rating
Ada - 3/0/0 2/0/0 3/0/0 3/0/0 3/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/0 2/0/1 19 Mostly
C 3/1/0 - 1/1/0 1/1/0 2/1/0 2/1/0 2/1/0 2/1/0 1/1/1 23 Partially
C++ 2/0/0 1/0/0 - 1/0/0 3/0/0 1/0/0 2/0/0 3/0/0 1/0/1 15 Fully
C# 3/0/0 2/0/0 1/0/0 - 4/0/0 1/0/0 2/0/0 2/0/0 2/0/1 18 Fully
Fortran 3/1/0 2/0/0 3/1/0 4/1/0 - 4/1/0 3/1/0 2/1/0 3/1/1 32 No
Java 3/0/0 2/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/0 4/0/0 - 2/0/0 3/0/0 1/0/1 18 Fully
Modula-2 1/1/0 2/0/0 2/1/0 2/1/0 3/1/0 2/1/0 - 1/1/0 1/1/1 22 Mostly
Pascal 1/1/0 2/0/0 3/1/0 3/1/0 2/1/0 3/1/0 1/1/0 - 2/1/1 25 Partially
Python 2/0/1 1/0/1 1/0/1 2/0/1 3/0/1 1/0/1 1/0/1 2/0/1 - 21 Mostly