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. 2014 Feb 20;14:66. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-66

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Copyright © 2014 Shewamene and Engidawork; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Photomicrographs of hematoxilin and eiosin stained renal tissues for khat and/or gentamicin treated rats: The kidneys of the control rats (treated with Tween80) showed normal renal parenchyma with normal histo-architecture (A). On the other hand K400 rats showed mild to moderate interstitial inflammation (arrows), hypertrophied glomerular capillaries and injured dilated Bowman’s capsule (*) (B). GEN rats showed marked infiltrative inflammatory cells and vascular congestion (arrows) and vacuolar degeneration of the tubules (*) (C). Furthermore, GK400 rats revealed more extensive and marked infiltrative inflammation, complete destruction of glomerular capillaries (arrows), degeneration of the tubules and Foamy appearance in the tubular epithelial cells (*) (D). Magnification × 40. K400, khat 400 mg/kg, GEN, gentamicin 100 mg/kg, GK400, khat 400 mg/kg + gentamicin 100 mg/kg.