Table 1.
Cytogenetic data of miscarriages in patients aged < or ≥35 years who conceived naturally (NC) and who conceived through IVF
| Miscarriage karyotype | <35 years | ≥35 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases (frequency, %) | Number of cases (frequency, %) | ||||
| Group | Group | ||||
| NC | IVF | NC | IVF | ||
| Normal | 46,XX | 27 (15.61 %) | 39 (36.11 %) | 16 (14.95 %) | 24 (21.62 %) |
| 46,XY | 38 (21.96 %) | 29 (26.85 %) | 10 (9.35 %) | 22 (19.82 %) | |
| Abnormal | 108 (62.43 %) | 40 (37.04 %) | 81 (75.70 %) | 65 (58.56 %) | |
| Trisomies | Trisomy 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Trisomy 2 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | 3 (2.71 %) | |
| Trisomy 3 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | – | |
| Trisomy 4 | 3 (1.73 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | – | |
| Trisomy 5 | – | 1 (0.93 %) | – | – | |
| Trisomy 6 | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | – | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 7 | 3 (1.73 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Trisomy 8 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 2 (1.87 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 9 | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 2 (1.87 %) | – | |
| Trisomy 10 | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 2 (1.87 %) | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Trisomy 11 | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | – | – | |
| Trisomy 12 | – | 1 (0.93 %) | 4 (3.74 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 13 | 4 (2.31 %) | 3 (2.77 %) | 4 (3.74 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 14 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Trisomy 15 | 3 (1.73 %) | 2 (1.85 %) | 8 (7.48 %) | 10 (9.01 %) | |
| Trisomy 16 | 21 (12.13 %) | 7 (6.48 %) | 15 (14.02 %) | 12 (10.81 %) | |
| Trisomy 17 | – | – | – | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Trisomy 18 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | 3 (2.71 %) | |
| Trisomy 19 | – | – | – | – | |
| Trisomy 20 | 2 (1.16 %) | – | 1 (0.93 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 21 | 4 (2.31 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 5 (4.68 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Trisomy 22 | 2 (1.16 %) | 3 (2.77 %) | 13 (12.15 %) | 9 (8.11 %) | |
| XXY | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | – | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Multiple trisomies | 3 (1.73 %) | 3 (2.77 %) | 5 (4.68 %) | 4 (3.61 %) | |
| Monosomies | Monosomy X | 9 (5.19 %) | 4 (3.70 %) | 2 (1.87 %) | 1 (0.90 %) |
| Monosomy 21 | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | – | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Polyploidies | Triploidy | 21 (12.13 %) | 2 (1.85 %) | 6 (5.62 %) | – |
| Hypertriploidy | 4 (2.31 %) | – | – | – | |
| Tetraploidy | 2 (1.16 %) | 3 (2.77 %) | 4 (3.74 %) | 2 (1.80 %) | |
| Hypertetraploidy | 2 (1.16 %) | – | – | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Polyploidy + aneuploidy | 1 (0.58 %) | – | – | – | |
| Combined karyotype abnormalities | Monosomies combined with trisomies | – | – | – | 1 (0.90 %) |
| Сhromosomal rearrangements combined with genomic mutations | 1 (0.58 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | 1 (0.90 %) | |
| Structural | Chromosomal rearrangements | 5 (2.89 %) | 2 (1.85 %) | 1 (0.93 %) | – |
| Marker chromosomes | 2 (1.16 %) | – | – | – | |
| Total | 173 | 108 | 107 | 111 | |