Fig. 1.

The effect of the activation of TLR2 on lipid peroxidation (a), protein oxidation (b), and CAT, SOD, and GPx antioxidant enzyme activity (c) is as follows. Caco-2 cells were treated during 1 day with either Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1 ligand) or Pam2CSK4 (TLR2/6 ligand) at 5 μg/ml, or 50 ng/ml, respectively. Treatment with TNFα 5 ng/ml was used as a reference of oxidative level. Results were expressed as the percentage of the control value (100 %) and were indicated as the mean ± SE of five independent experiments in lipid and protein oxidation and four independent experiments in antioxidant activity enzymes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, compared with control