Table 1. Determinants of baseline HSV-2 prevalence among 409 women, Beira, Mozambique.

Variablea	n	# HSV-2 positive/	Unadjusted OR
		(Prevalence, %)	95% CI	p
Total	409b	248 (60.6)
Age group (years)
18–20	179	78 (43.6)	Referent
21–24	145	102 (70.3)	3.07 (1.93–4.88)	<0.001
25–35	85	68 (80.0)	5.18 (2.82–9.51)	<0.001
Age of first marriage (years)
Never married	205	106 (51.7)	Referent
≤17	69	50 (72.5)	2.46 (1.36–4.46)	0.003
≥18	124	87 (70.2)	2.2 (1.37–3.52)	0.001
Education
High school (grade 10–12)	132	67 (50.8)	Referent
Secondary school (grade 6–9)	229	145 (63.3)	1.67 (1.08–2.59)	0.020
Primary school (grade1–5) or none	48	36 (75.0)	2.91 (1.39–6.08)	0.005
Employment status
Unemployed	297	170 (57.2)	Referent
Employed part time	92	59(64.1)	1.33 (0.82–2.17)	0.241
Employed full time	20	19 (95.0)	14.19 (1.88–107.43)	0.010
Income last month (Mt) c
No income	268	152 (56.7)	Referent
≥500	61	38 (62.3)	1.26 (0.71–2.23)	0.427
501–15,000	72	54 (75.0)	2.29 (1.27–4.11)	0.006
Number of lifetime pregnancies
0	124	55 (44.4)	Referent
1	108	58 (53.7)	1.46 (0.87–2.44)	0.156
≥2	177	135 (76.3)	4.03 (2.46–6.62)	<0.001
Family planning use
None	268	152 (56.7)	Referent
Hormonal contraceptives	95	68 (71.6)	1.92 (1.16–3.19)	0.012
Other d	46	28 (59.6)	1.19 (0.63–2.25)	0.599
Age at first sexual intercourse (years)
≥18	102	68(66.7)	Referent
16–17	163	85(52.2	0.54 (0.33–0.91)	0.021
≤15	136	91(66.9)	1.01 (0.59–1.74)	0.968
Age of primary partner (years)
No PP	24	13 (54.2)	Referent
Yes, aged 29 and younger	295	167 (56.6)	1.10 (0.48–2.55)	0.816
Yes, aged 30 and older	77	62 (80.5)	3.50 (1.31–9.33)	0.012
Ever exchanged sex
No	350	206 (58.9)	Referent
Yes	58	41 (70.7)	1.69 (0.92–3.08)	0.090
Forced to have sex in the last month
No	363	224 (61.7)	Referent
Yes	42	21 (50.0)	0.62 (0.33–1.18)	0.144
PP had sex with others in the last 6 months
No	111	61 (55.0)	Referent
Yes	258	168 (65.1)	1.53 (0.97–2.41)	0.066
Oral sex with PP in the last month
No	378	224(59.3)	Referent
Yes	30	23(76.7)	2.26 (0.95–5.39)	0.067
Frequency of vaginal sex with PP using condom in the last month
Any use	82	41 (50.0)	Referent
None	326	206 (63.2)	1.72 (1.05–2.80)	0.030
Pain during intercourse
No	322	203 (63.0)	Referent
Yes	88	46 (52.3)	0.64 (0.40–1.03)	0.068

OR, odds ratio; CI, Confidence intervals; PP, primary partner; CP, casual partner;

HSV-2, Herpes simplex virus type-2.

The total number of missing answers is 74.

? The following variables were also assessed for their association with prevalent HSV-2 but were not significant at the p<0.2 level in bivariable models:

Categorical variables: number of sexual partners, number of new sexual partners, oral sex with CP last month, anal sex with PP last month, anal sex with CP last month and frequency of vaginal sex with CP using condom last month.

Continuous variables: frequency of vaginal sex with PP last month, frequency of vaginal sex with CP last month, frequency of vaginal sex with PP using condom last 7 days and frequency of vaginal sex with CP using condom last 7 days.

^bTotals for the categories are not always equal to 409 because of missing data.

^c1 USD = 29.70 Meticais (Mt) as per 29/03/2013 (Millennium bim Bank).

^dOther Condoms/Copper IUD/Traditional.