Table 2. Multivariable models of factors associated with HSV-2 prevalence in high risk women in Beira, Mozambique.
| Variable | MODEL I n = 402 | MODEL II n = 404 | MODEL III n = 406 | |||
| Adjusted OR | P | Adjusted OR | p | Adjusted OR | p | |
| 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 18–20 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 21–24 | 2.68 (1.60–4.47) | <0.001 | 3.22 (1.91–5.44) | <0.001 | 2.94 (1.74–4.97) | <0.001 |
| 25–35 | 2.89 (1.36–6.13) | 0.006 | 4.95 (2.22–11.02) | <0.001 | 3.39 (1.58–7.29) | 0.002 |
| Age first marriage (yrs) | ||||||
| Never married | Referent | |||||
| 17 or less (≤17) | 0.98 (0.46–2.07) | 0.959 | ||||
| 18 and older (≥18) | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) | 0.527 | ||||
| Education | ||||||
| Grade 10–12 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Grade 6–9 | 1.61 (0.97–2.66) | 0.063 | 1.81 (1.09–3.02) | 0.022 | ||
| Grade1–5 or none | 1.93 (0.83–4.49) | 0.124 | 2.24 (0.94–5.36) | 0.069 | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Unemployed | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Employed part time | 1.03 (0.55–1.93) | 0.934 | 0.93 (0.53–1.61) | 0.793 | ||
| Employed full time | 5.21 (0.63–43.27) | 0.127 | 8.56 (1.01–72.53) | 0.049 | ||
| Income last month (Mt)1 | ||||||
| >500 | Referent | |||||
| ≤500 | 0.81 (0.36–1.86) | 0.625 | ||||
| No income | 0.87 (0.43–1.79) | 0.708 | ||||
| # lifetime pregnancies | ||||||
| 0 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| 1 | 1.30 (0.73–2.33) | 0.379 | 1.11 (0.62–1.97) | 0.725 | ||
| ≥2 | 2.20 (1.09–4.45) | 0.028 | 1.72 (0.91–3.26) | 0.094 | ||
| Family planning use | ||||||
| None | Referent | |||||
| Hormonal contraceptives | 1.18 (0.66–2.10) | 0.579 | ||||
| Othera | 1.28 (0.64–2.58) | 0.489 | ||||
| Age at first sex (years) | ||||||
| ≥18 | Referent | |||||
| 16–17 | 0.77 (0.42–1.39) | 0.383 | ||||
| ≤15 | 1.48 (0.79–2.76) | 0.222 | ||||
| Don’t know | 0.47 (0.10–2.29) | 0.349 | ||||
| Age of PP (years) | ||||||
| No PP | Referent | |||||
| Yes, <30 | 0.77 (0.27–2.18) | 0.629 | ||||
| Yes, ≥30 | 0.93 (0.27–3.22) | 0.916 | ||||
| Ever exchanged sex | ||||||
| Never | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 1.60 (0.81–3.16) | 0.177 | 1.66 (0.83–3.32) | 0.154 | ||
| Forced to have sex in the last month | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 0.38 (0.18–0.81) | 0.012 | 0.31 (0.15–0.66) | 0.003 | ||
| PP sex with others in the last 6 months | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 1.52 (0.92–2.51) | 0.104 | 1.67 (0.99–2.80) | 0.053 | ||
| Not applicable, no PP | 0.68 (0.28–1.64) | 0.391 | 0.91 (0.40–2.08) | 0.819 | ||
| Oral sex with PP | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 3.03 (1.17–7.80) | 0.022 | 3.02 (1.16–7.89) | 0.024 | ||
| Frequency vaginal sex with PP using condom in the last month | ||||||
| Any use | Referent | Referent | ||||
| None | 1.61 (0.92–2.81) | 0.094 | 1.47 (0.83–2.60) | 0.189 | ||
| Pain during intercourse in the past 3 months | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 0.55 (0.32–0.95) | 0.031 | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | 0.081 | ||
| R2 | 0.1203 | 0.1374 | 0.1586 | |||
| AIC | 507.182 | 501.9356 | 492.8155 | |||
| BIC | 575.1217 | 569.9597 | 560.9235 | |||
R2, Coefficient of Determination; AIC, Akaike Information Criterion; BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion;
Model I refers to the multivariable analysis of demographic/socioeconomic factors only;
Model II refers to the multivariable analysis of sexual behavior factors only, adjusted for age;
Model III refers to the multivariable analysis of both subgroups using cut off of P<0.20 in Models I and II.
a
‘Other’ Condoms/copper IUD/Traditional methods.