Table 1. Self-reported baseline characteristics of the total study population (n = 33740), the incident diabetes cases (n = 479) and the non-diabetic subjects (n = 33261).
| Total (n = 33740) | Diabetes cases (n = 479) | Non-diabetic subjects (n = 33261) | p-valuea | ||
| Age (years) | Mean age at enrollment | 47.9 | 48.7 | 47.9 | 2.3e-6 |
| Min-max | 40–55 | 40–55 | 40–55 | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | Mean | 1683 | 1668 | 1683 | 3.9e-1 |
| Median | 1657 | 1619 | 1657 | ||
| Min-Max | 676–3632 | 774–3082 | 676–3632 | ||
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | Mean | 197 | 192 | 197 | 2.0e-2 |
| Median | 194 | 186 | 194 | ||
| Min-Max | 37.8–420 | 74.4–381 | 37.8–420 | ||
| Saturated fat (g/d) | Mean | 25.8 | 25.5 | 25.8 | 2.9e-1 |
| Median | 24.7 | 24.0 | 24.7 | ||
| Min-Max | 1.05–90.3 | 4.8–57.2 | 1.05–90.3 | ||
| BMI (%) | <25 | 65.0 | 21.9 | 65.7 | 2.2e-16 |
| 25–30 | 27.3 | 36.4 | 27.2 | ||
| >30 | 7.6 | 34.9 | 7.2 | ||
| Years of education (%) b | <10 | 20.4 | 27.2 | 20.3 | 1.5e-5 |
| 10–12 | 24.4 | 28.0 | 24.3 | ||
| >12 | 55.2 | 44.8 | 55.4 | ||
| Physical activity (%) | Low | 12.0 | 22.5 | 11.9 | 8.0e-12 |
| Moderate | 75.1 | 67.2 | 75.2 | ||
| High | 12.9 | 10.2 | 12.9 | ||
| Smoking status (%) | Never | 37.7 | 32.1 | 37.8 | 4.0e-2 |
| Former | 31.4 | 33.8 | 31.4 | ||
| Current | 31.9 | 34.0 | 30.8 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | No | 90.5 | 71.4 | 90.7 | 2.2e-16 |
| Yes | 9.5 | 28.6 | 9.3 | ||
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 0 g/d | 18.6 | 27.6 | 18.4 | 4.4e-7 |
| 1–50 g/d | 40.0 | 40.5 | 40.0 | ||
| 50–100 g/d | 29.1 | 23.4 | 29.2 | ||
| >100 g/d | 12.3 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
a
The p-value refers to the difference between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
b
Missing information on education, n = 1148.