Table 1. Meta-analyses of STIs and hepatitis infections prevalence among broader MSM comparing among HIV-positive MSM and male sex workers in China.
| Diseases Burden | MSM population (Ref) | HIV-positive MSM | Male sex workers | ||||||||
| Number ofstudies (numberof estimates)φ | Totalsamplesize | EstimatedPrevalence(95% CI) | Number ofstudies(number ofestimates) | Total samplesize of HIV-positive | EstimatedPrevalence(95% CI) | Odds ratio(95% CI)∧ | Number ofstudies(number ofestimates) | Totalsamplesize | EstimatedPrevalence(95% CI) | Odds ratio(95% CI)∧ | |
| Hepatitis infections | |||||||||||
| HBV | 27 (35) [56,61,65,86,121–143] | 11,305 | 8.9%(7.8–10.2%) | 4 (4) [56,121,139,144] | 151 | 18.3%(9.8–31.5%) | 2.3(1.5–3.5)*** | 1(1) [145] | 120 | 4.2%(1.7–9.6%) | 0.4(0.2–1.1) |
| HCV | 71 (81) [55,56,61,65,79,86,121,122,124–126,128–142,146–189] | 28,684 | 1.2%(1.0–1.6%) | 10 (10) [55,121,128,139,144,152,162,178,179,183] | 363 | 8.4%(3.9–17.3%) | 7.6(5.2–11.2)*** | 2(2) [145], [190] | 625 | 2.7%(0.6–12.0%) | 2.2(1.4–3.7)** |
| Sexually transmitted infections | |||||||||||
| Chlamydia | 8 (12) [55,133,140,141,191–194] | 3,921 | 6.3%(3.5–11.0%) | 1 (1) [55] | 16 | 31.3%(13.6–56.7%) | 6.7(2.3–19.5) *** | 1(1) [195] | 82 | 14.6%(8.5–24.0%) | 2.5(1.4–4.7) ** |
| Sera | 1 (1) [55] | 753 | 5.6%(4.15–7.5%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urethral | 5 (8) [133,140,141,191,192] | 2,411 | 4.3%(2.5–7.5%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rectal | 3 (3) [192–194] | 757 | 16.5%(6.9–34.4%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Genital warts | 2 (3) [56], [79] | 581 | 1.5%(0.7–2.9%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gonorrhoea | 10 (13) [56,79,133,140,191–194,196,197] | 3,668 | 1.9%(1.3–2.7%) | 1 (1) [56] | 24 | 4.2%(0.6–24.4%) | 2.3(0.3–17.2) | 1(1) [195] | 82 | 9.8%(5.0–18.3%) | 5.7(2.7–12.3) *** |
| Sera | 1 (1) [197] | 157 | 2.6%(1.0–6.6%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urethral | 4 (4) [133,140,191,194] | 891 | 1.4%(0.8–2.7%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rectal | 3 (3)[140], [193], [194] | 687 | 1.0%(0.1–7.2%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HIV# | N/A (60) [42] | 20,729 | 4.7%(3.9–5.6%) | – | – | – | – | 16 (16) [42] | 2,278 | 6.0%(4.2–8.5%) | 1.3(1.1–1.6) ** |
| HPV | |||||||||||
| Any type | 2 (2)[198], [199] | 861 | 66.3%(57.4–74.1%) | 2 (2) [198], [199] | 79 | 96.2%(88.9–98.8%) | 12.9(4.0–41.0) *** | – | – | – | – |
| Single type | 2 (2)[198], [199] | 861 | 32.8%(29.7–36.0%) | 2 (2) [198], [199] | 79 | 40.5%(30.3–51.7%) | 1.4(0.9–2.2) | – | – | – | – |
| Multiple types | 2 (2)[198], [199] | 861 | 33.4% (25.3–42.6%) | 2 (2) [198], [199] | 79 | 56.9%(45.8–67.4%) | 2.6(1.7–4.2) *** | – | – | – | – |
| HPV16 | 2 (2)[198], [199] | 861 | 8.0%(2.8–20.9%) | 1 (1) [198] | 50 | 34.0%(22.3–48.1%) | 5.9(3.1–11.1) *** | – | – | – | – |
| HPV18 | 1 (1) [198] | 578 | 5.9%(4.2–8.1%) | 1 (1) [198] | 50 | 14.0%(6.8–26.6%) | 2.6(1.1–6.2) ** | – | – | – | – |
| HPV45 | 2 (2)[198], [199] | 861 | 4.4%(2.7–7.2%) | 1 (1) [198] | 50 | 14.0%(6.8–26.6%) | 3.5(1.5–8.3) ** | – | – | – | – |
| HSV-2 | 6 (6) [24,84,133,189,200,201] | 3,451 | 10.6%(6.2–17.6%) | 1 (1) [24] | 47 | 33.8%(26.4–42.1%) | 4.3(2.3–7.9) *** | 3(3) [202]–[204] | 598 | 10.0%(7.6–12.9%) | 0.9(0.7–1.2) |
| Syphilis# | N/A(40) [42] | 15,317 | 13.5%(11.8–15.3%) | N/A (8) [42] | 317 | 36.2%(24.3–50.0%) | 3.6(2.9–4.6) *** | 15 (15) [42] | 2,237 | 12.4%(9.9–15.3%) | 0.9(0.8–1.0) |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | 2 (2)[55], [205] | 938 | 4.3%(3.2–5.8%) | 1 (1) [198] | 16 | 18.8%(6.2–44.8%) | 5.2(1.4–18.9) * | – | – | – | – |
φ
Some studies reported more than one prevalence estimate (e.g. in multiple years or locations). The number of estimates represents the total number of data points analysed in meta-analysis.
#
The estimated prevalence for HIV, syphilis and HIV-syphilis co-infection were extracted from a published meta-analysis study by Chow EPF et al in 2011.
∧
The broader MSM population was used as the reference group for odds ratio.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.