Table 3.
Obstetric variables, EPDS score, and postpartum depression (PPD) in Saudi postpartum females (n=352)
| Variables | Participants (%) | PPD symptoms (%) EPDS ≥10 | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin | ||||
| 11+ | 186 (52.8) | 51/186 (24.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| <11 | 166 (47.2) | 66/166 (39.8) | 1.75 (1.12–2.73)* | 1.70 (1.05–2.74)** |
| Pregnancy period | ||||
| Full term (>37 weeks) | 338 (96.0) | 111/338 (32.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Preterm | 14 (4.0) | 6/14 (42.9) | 1.53 (0.51–4.53) | 1.57 (0.52–4.76) |
| Delivery type | ||||
| Normal | 269 (76.4) | 88/269 (32.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Cesarean | 83 (23.6) | 29/83 (34.9) | 1.10 (0.66–1.85) | 0.96 (0.56–1.64) |
| Sex of child | ||||
| Male | 185 (52.6) | 61/185 (33.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 167 (47.4) | 56/167 (33.5) | 1.03 (0.66–1.60) | 1.04 (0.66–1.64) |
| Anemia during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 241 (68.5) | 72/241 (29.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 111 (31.5) | 45/111 (40.5) | 1.60 (1.00–2.56)* | 1.44 (0.89–2.34)** |
| Iron pills given during pregnancy | ||||
| Regular | 201 (57.1) | 66/201 (32.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Irregular | 135 (38.4) | 43/135 (31.8) | 0.96 (0.60–1.52) | 0.95 (0.59–1.53) |
| No | 16 (4.5) | 8/16 (50) | 2.14 (0.74–5.69) | 1.88 (0.66–5.34) |
Notes:
*
Statistically significant (P=0.01; P=0.04)
**
statistically significant (P=0.03; P=0.05).
Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.