Table 2.

Meta-analysis of the 15 studies^* stratified by the HPV detection method

Detection method	No. of studies	Events	Sample size	Point estimates of event rates (fixed effects model)		Point estimates of event rates (random effects model)		Homogeneity (Cochran's Q)**	I-squared (I2)**	Homogeneity (p-value)**
				Point estimate	95% CI	Point estimate	95% CI
IHC	1	2	2	0.833	0.194–0.990	0.833	0.194–0.990	0.000	0.000	1.000
ISH	9	16	36	0.478	0.268–0.697	0.534	0.232–0.812	16.317	50.971	0.038
PCR	5	20	51	0.384	0.259–0.526	0.391	0.252–0.549	4.305	7.082	0.366
Summary	15	38	89	0.422	0.311–0.542	0.434	0.302–0.575	22.690	38.300	0.065
Total within (FE)								20.622		0.056
Total between (FE)								2.069		0.355
Total between (RE)								2.112		0.348

^*All studies reporting only bronchial carcinomas are omitted;

^**only calculated for fixed effects model

IHC – immunohistochemistry, ISH – in situ hybridization, PCR – polymerase chain reaction, FE – fixed effects model, RE – random effects model