. 2014 Mar;133(3):412–421. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1863

TABLE 1.

Invasive Procedures in the NICU

Injection^a	Umbilical artery catheter insertion
Chest tube insertion^a	Umbilical venous catheter insertion
Pleural tap^a	Lumbar puncture reservoir tap^a
Peripheral artery line insertion^a	Brainz needle insertion^a
Peripherally inserted central line insertion or removal^a	Heel poke (including glucometer pokes)^a
Penrose insertion or removal^a	Suprapubic bladder tap^a
Abscess drained^a	Catheter insertion for urine collection
Peripheral intravenous catheter sited or resited^a	Venous blood collection^a
Endotracheal tube prong change or retaping	Glycerin suppository
Nasogastric tube insertion	Orogastric tube insertion
Healon or Wydase for intravenous burns	Insuflon device site change^a
Pericentesis^a	Endotracheal or nasopharyngeal intubation^a
Eye examination

Each attempt was counted.

^{^a}

Skin-breaking procedures: The Pearson correlation between all procedures listed in this table and the skin-breaking procedures denoted by an asterisk was r = 0.99 for the 50 children born very preterm. The results of this study were the same whether the number of invasive procedures or the number of skin-breaking procedures was entered into the model.