Table 3.

Odds Ratios of Receiving any Analgesic or an Opioid for Older (Age ≥65) Versus Younger (Age 18–64) Patients by Gender During Treatment by EMS Providers Stratified by Pain Severity and Gender, Adjusted for Race, Dispatch Complaint, and EMS Treatment Duration, Among Patients Reporting Abdominal or Back Pain

	Pain Severity, OR (95% CI)*
	None		Mild		Moderate		Severe
Any analgesic
Female	760/859†	.32 (.19–.51)	396/610	.29 (.14–.62)	721/1336	.45 (.30–.66)	1486/5293	.70 (.58–.84)
Male	472/739	.46 (.28–.75)	256/423	.64 (.36–1.16)	408/996	.43 (.27–.71)	772/3347	.57 (.45–.71)
Opioid
Female	760/859†	.20 (.11–.36)	396/610	.31 (.14–.70)	721/1336	.31 (.19–.52)	1486/5293	.72 (.58–.88)
Male	472/739	.42 (.24–.72)	256/423	.57 (.31–1.06)	408/996	.43 (.24–.77)	772/3347	.57 (.44–.74)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^*None, pain score = 0; Mild, pain score = 1–3; Moderate, pain score = 4–6; Severe, pain score = 7–10.

^†Number of individuals aged 65 or older/number of individuals aged 18–64.