Table 4.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging t-map Activation Peaks Unique to the Verbal and Nonverbal Working Memory Task Conditions Across All Subjects

		Control				mTBI
Region	BA	x	y	z	t	x	y	z	t
Verbal working memory condition activation peaks
Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9/46	−26	40	12	6.55	—	—	—	—
Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9	−32	22	24	5.73	−42	24	26	4.11
Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9/46	32	48	16	6.18	—	—	—	—
Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9	48	26	34	5.82	40	30	28	4.23
Left rostral insula		−30	20	2	7.59	−30	22	2	4.32
Right rostral insula		30	22	0	7.50	34	22	−2	4.13
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex	32	10	26	26	8.90	4	26	36	5.76
Supplementary motor area		−4	4	58	7.34	8	14	48	5.29
Left premotor	6	−44	−2	44	7.62	−44	4	28	4.60
Right premotor	6	34	−2	50	5.21	38	2	30	3.73*
Left caudate nucleus		−16	−4	16	6.20	−20	−8	20	3.97*
Right caudate nucleus		16	−2	14	4.61	18	2	20	3.39*
Left thalamus		−12	−14	10	6.21	−12	−12	6	4.11
Right thalamus		8	−8	10	4.52	14	−12	8	3.68*
Left superior temporal gyrus	22	−54	−32	4	4.13	−58	−32	−2	3.90*
Left superior parietal lobule	7	−28	−64	54	6.58	−36	−40	34	4.98
Right superior parietal lobule	7	42	−46	48	5.15	40	−46	40	4.96
Left inferior occipital gyrus	19	−40	−68	−4	6.16	−38	−66	−10	4.87
Left inferior occipital gyrus	18	−24	−96	−6	5.51	−26	−92	−6	4.61
Right inferior occipital gyrus	18	34	−86	−2	6.49	26	−94	2	4.78
Nonverbal working memory condition activation peaks
Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9/46	−26	42	12	5.12	−30	50	12	3.18*
Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9	−34	22	24	5.54	—	—	—	—
Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	9	46	30	32	5.29	42	34	22	3.82*
Left rostral insula		−30	22	4	8.04	−30	20	4	5.15
Right rostral insula		30	22	2	9.69	32	22	4	4.88
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex	32	6	20	42	9.60	6	20	42	5.64
Supplementary motor area		−6	4	56	7.54	8	14	48	6.02
Left premotor	6	−50	−2	42	6.79	−42	4	32	4.14
Right premotor	6	34	−2	50	5.66	34	−4	52	4.43
Left caudate nucleus		−18	−2	18	5.84	—	—	—	—
Left thalamus		−8	−18	12	4.72	—	—	—	—
Right thalamus		6	−14	14	5.54	8	−20	14	4.51
Left superior parietal lobule	7	−28	−62	50	6.86	—	—	—	—
Right superior parietal lobule	7	28	−62	52	4.93	32	−70	34	4.55
Left fuiform gyrus	37	−34	−54	−14	6.74	−36	−50	−18	5.96
Right fusiform gyrus	37	36	−50	−18	6.11	30	−50	−18	4.91
Left inferior occipital gyrus	19	−40	−76	−8	7.51	−38	−74	−14	4.66
Left inferior occipital gyrus	18	−30	−86	−6	6.86	−42	−90	0	4.77
Right inferior occipital gyrus	19	32	−72	−14	6.43	36	−76	−10	4.19
Right inferior occipital gyrus	18	40	−80	−6	6.52	44	−78	−2	6.79
Left primary visual cortex	17	−16	−100	2	6.22	−18	−100	−4	3.35*
Right primary visual cortex	17	16	−100	12	5.68	14	−100	0	4.07

t threshold = 4.10, p < 0.05 corrected; ^*nonsignificant trend.

BA, Brodmann area; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury.