FIG. 1.

Administration of A20 significantly decreased contusion volumes 1 week post-TBI. (A and B) Representative images showing contusions at gray/white matter interface in vehicle and A20 animals, respectively. Black arrows show contusions at ipsilateral external capsule and parietal cortex; arrowheads indicate areas of intracerebral hemorrhage. (C) Contusions were contoured and volumetric analyses were conducted at six bregma levels stained with H&E. A20 animals exhibited greater than a 2-fold decrease in average contusion volumes, compared to vehicle control animals (Student's t-test: p=0.0025; t=3.504). (D) A20 exerted significant cytoprotective effects at four of six bregma levels (epicenter of injury, −3.8 mm). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA established significance for bregma level (p<0.0001), treatment (p=0.0012), and treatment×bregma level interaction (p=0.0002). Bonferroni's post-hoc analysis showed significant differences in contusion area at the four most posterior bregma levels evaluated (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001; scale bar, 500 μm). Data are expressed as mean±standard error of the mean; n=20. TBI, traumatic brain injury; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; ANOVA, analysis of variance.