Figure 8.

Reductive glutamine carboxylation is a function of the α-ketoglutarate to citrate ratio. In standard growth conditions proliferation relevant fatty acids are produced mainly from glucose (left). Any stress condition leading to an increased α-ketoglutarate to citrate ratio alters glutamine conversion from oxidative to reductive (right). Subsequently, proliferation relevant fatty acids are produced mainly from glutamine (right). Dashed lines indicate the regulatory flow. Size of the metabolites and arrow thickness indicate the magnitude of alteration.