Table 1. Clinical characteristics of subjects.

Variables	Study population			Reference groups
	Men (N = 952)	Women (N = 1380)	P-value	Men (N = 1001)	Women (N = 1605)	P-value
Age (years)	69.0±6.3	69.3±6.4	0.354	31.0±5.5	31.2±5.5	0.313
Anthropometrics
Height (cm)	165.3±5.9	151.5±5.9	<0.001	173.2±5.9	160.4±5.5	<0.001
Weight (kg)	64.1±9.8	55.6±8.7	<0.001	71.4±11.1	56.8±9.5	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	23.4±3.0	24.2±3.2	<0.001	23.8±3.3	22.1±3.5	<0.001
Waist circum (cm)	85.0±9.1	83.3±9.5	<0.001	81.9±9.1	74.1±9.4	<0.001
Total fat mass (kg)	14.2±4.8	18.7±5.3	<0.001	14.9±5.9	17.7±5.6	<0.001
Total muscle mass (kg)	49.2±6.4	36.4±4.5	<0.001	55.7±6.8	38.5±4.9	<0.001
ASM (kg)	21.2±3.1	14.6±2.0	<0.001	25.2±3.5	15.9±2.4	<0.001
ASM/Height2 (kg/m2)	7.7±0.9	6.3±0.7	<0.001	8.4±0.9	6.2±0.8	<0.001
Fat percent (%)	21.9±5.2	33.4±5.5	<0.001	20.6±5.8	30.9±5.4	<0.001
ASM percent (%)	37.6±3.2	29.8±3.1	<0.001	35.5±3.1	28.2±2.6	<0.001

The data were analyzed by independent t test.

ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle. BMI: body mass index.

Data are shown as means ± the standard deviation.