Figure 1. Ethogram describing different types of aggressive interactions observed for Atelopus.

Fight: Combat involving mouth or front limbs, often flipping of opponent; Mount: >50% of initiators body covers the victim for >5 seconds; Release call: High pitched, weak, peep like call; maximum tally of one per individual; Physical contact: Any remaining forms of physical contact; Stalk: One individual actively follows/chases another for >5 seconds; Wave: Circular movements in front limbs.