Table 2.

Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Data

		Total	Chest Pain	DCM	Liver cirrhosis	ANOVA p value
n		27	10	8	9	-
Heart Rate (bpm)		72 ± 14	70 ± 10	83 ± 17	66 ± 12	-
Catheterization Data
Mean Arterial Pressure (mm Hg)		98 ± 19	102 ± 11	110 ± 20	82 ± 13*	0.001
dP/dtmax (mm Hg s−1)		1283 ± 327	1529 ± 242	957 ± 231*	1216 ± 212*	<0.001
Cardiac Output (l/min)		6.9 ± 2.4	6.2 ± 1.5	5.5 ± 1.5	8.9 ± 2.7*	0.003
Cardiac Index (l/min/m2)		4.0 ± 1.2	3.9 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.8	4.8 ± 1.4	0.04
Right Atrial Pressure (mm Hg)		10 ± 4	8 ± 4	8 ± 5	12 ± 2*	<0.001
Mean Pulmonary Pressure (mm Hg)		24 ± 6	23 ± 5	27 ± 9	21 ± 6	0.5
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (mm Hg)		15 ± 5	13 ± 3	17 ± 6	16 ± 5	0.4
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (dyn·cm·s−5)		120 ± 69	137 ± 49	159 ± 66	57 ± 48*	0.005
Systolic Chamber Function
Emax (mm Hg/ml)		2.8 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.7*	3.2 ± 1.1	0.04
Preload
End-Diastolic LV Volume (ml)		114 ± 46	88 ± 24	162 ± 49*	102 ± 34	0.003
End-Diastolic LV Pressure (mm Hg)		20 ± 7	18 ± 4	21 ± 10	20 ± 7	0.9
Preload Index		0.0 ± 1.2	−0.6 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 1.4*	−1.3 ± 1.1	0.03
Afterload
End-Systolic Wall Stress (mm Hg)		348 ± 117	347 ± 76	454 ± 120*	257 ± 68*	<0.001
Effective Arterial Elastance (mm Hg/ml)		1.5 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.7*	0.9 ± 0.3*	<0.001
Systemic Vascular Resistance (dyn·cm·s−5)		1191 ± 589	1301 ± 400	1624 ± 659	683 ± 273*	0.001
Afterload Index		0.0 ± 1.7	0.2 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 1.7*	−1.5 ± 0.7*	<0.001
Chamber Remodeling
End-Systolic Volume (ml)		51 ± 38	28 ± 13	99 ± 37*	35 ± 11	<0.001
LV Mass (g)		140 ± 52	109 ± 17	184 ± 74*	134 ± 21	0.005
Noninvasive Systolic Chamber Function
Ejection Fraction (%)		54 ± 20	65 ± 7	26 ± 9*	65 ± 8	<0.001
Mid-Wall Fractional Shortening (%)		13 ± 6	15 ± 3	6 ± 1*	16 ± 6	<0.001
Global Circumferential Strain (%)		−14 ± 7	−19 ± 4	−6 ± 2*	−18 ± 2	<0.001
Global Circumferential Strain Rate (s−1)		−0.8 ± 0.3	−1.0 ± 0.3	−0.4 ± 0.1*	−1.0 ± 0.1	<0.001
Global Longitudinal Strain (%)		−16 ± 7	−19 ± 4	−8 ± 2*	−22 ± 5	<0.001
Global Longitudinal Strain Rate (s−1)		−0.8 ± 0.4	−0.9 ± 0.2	−0.4 ± 0.1*	−1.1 ± 0.4	<0.001
Peak-EIVPD (mm Hg)		3.4 ± 1.7	4.0 ± 2.0	2.1 ± 0.6*	4.0 ± 1.5	0.02
Emax-sb1 (mm Hg/ml)		1.6 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.4	0.02
Emax-sb2 (mm Hg/ml)		3.6 ± 1.9	5.3 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 0.6*	3.5 ± 1.3*	0.003

^*p < 0.05:

Dunnet comparison against the group of patients with chest pain and normal EF. Values show mean ± standard deviation. dP/dt: derivative of LV pressure with respect to time. Peak-EIVPD: peak ejection intraventricular pressure difference between the apex and the outflow tract; E_max maximal elastance. E_max-sb1 single-beat E_max estimated by method 1; E_max-sb2 Single-beat E_max estimated by method 2.