Table 2.

Fixed-effects panel regressions with state mortality modeled as a function of economic conditions for the 50 US states.

	Basic model				Linear state-specific trends
	B1	B2	B3	B4	L1	L2	L3	L4
State unemployment	-0.52*** (0.07)	0.12† (0.07)		-0.67*** (0.09)	-0.31*** (0.05)	-0.41*** (0.04)		-0.30*** (0.06)
National unemployment			0.78*** (0.08)	1.36*** (0.11)			-0.46*** (0.05)	-0.20** (0.07)
Year effects	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
AIC	-5818.3	-5027.5	-5114.7	-5165.0	-7569.6	-6938.5	-6917.7	-6945.0

The model specifications are as described in equation (1) and Table 1, and were estimated using least squares, with states weighted by the square root of the state population. The state unemployment effect is reported as the estimate of 100α, the percentage increase in mortality due to a unit increase in unemployment. Similarly, the national unemployment effect is given as the estimate of 100β. Corresponding OLS standard errors (as used by Ruhm, 2000) are in parentheses.

^***P < 0.001,

^**P < 0.01,

^*P < 0.05,

^†P < 0.1.