Figure 4.

Percentages of HLA-DR⁺CD38⁺CD4⁺ T cells predicted increases in the number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA–producing cells per square millimeter in a model that controlled for sex, race, and CD4⁺ T-cell count (P < .001). After adjustment for the percentage of T cells in the lymph node that were HLA-DR⁺CD38⁺CD4⁺, race, and CD4⁺ T-cell count, women still had lower proportions of HIV-1 RNA–producing cells, compared with men (P = .023). Black women (thin solid line) had 66% (95% confidence interval, 40–81) lower HIV-1 RNA–producing cells than nonblack men (thick dashed line; P < .001), but there was no significant difference between black men (thin dashed line) and nonblack women (thick solid line; P = .9). The slopes of the lines were not significantly different by sex (P = .9) or race (P = .7).