. 2013 Apr 17;36(1):92–103. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdt034

Table 2.

Parental health

	NCDS (1958 British birth cohort) (chronic illness in either parent when child aged 11 or 16)
	Both parents born in England, Scotland, Wales		Irish-born parents		Model 1				Model 2
	Both parents born in England, Scotland, Wales		Irish-born parents		Association with chronic illness in Irish-born parents relative to parents in the rest of cohort				Association with chronic illness in Irish-born parents relative to parents in the rest of cohort, adjusted for hardship
	n	%	n	%		OR	95% CI	P-value		OR	95% CI	P-value
No chronic illness	9077	79	517	74	Non-Irish parents	1.00	Ref.		Non-Irish	1.00	Ref.
One or more chronic illness	2359	21	177	26	Irish-born parents	1.35	1.08– 1.70	0.01	Irish-born parents	1.09	0.86 –1.38	0.48
Missing data	1497		97						Hardship, 11^b	1.33	1.25 –1.42	<0.001 (trend)
									Hardship, 16^b	1.33	1.25 –1.42	<0.001 (trend)

	BCS70 (1970 British birth cohort) (maternal psychological health, when child aged 5, 10 and 16)
	Both parents born in England, Scotland, Wales		Irish-born parents		Model 1				Model 2
	Both parents born in England, Scotland, Wales		Irish-born parents		Associations with psychological distress in Irish-born mothers relative to mothers in the rest of cohort				Associations with psychological distress in Irish-born mothers relative to mothers in the rest of cohort, adjusted for hardship
	n	%	n	%		OR	95% CI	P-value		OR	95% CI	P-value
Age 5 (1975)
Mother not distressed	7241	83	316	77	Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.		Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.
Mother psychologically distressed^a	1508	17	97	23	Irish-born mother	1.43	1.12–1.83	<0.001	Irish-born mother	1.23	0.95–1.58	0.11
Missing data	5273		419						Hardship, 5^b	1.57	1.49–1.66	<0.001 (trend)
Age 10 (1980)
Mother not distressed	6646	81	269	75	Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.		Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.
Mother psychologically distressed^a	1556	19	91	25	Irish-born mother	1.43	1.11–1.83	0.01	Irish-born mother	1.13	0.88– 1.47	0.34
Missing data	5820		472						Hardship, 10^b	1.67	1.59–1.76	<0.001 (trend)
Age 16 (1986)
Mother not distressed	4780	83	153	80	Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.		Non-Irish mother	1.00	Ref.
Mother psychologically distressed^a	975	17	38	20	Irish-born mother	1.53	0.86–2.74	0.15	Irish-born mother	1.46	0.80–2.64	0.21
Missing data	8267		641						Hardship, 16^b	1.50	1.37–1.64	<0.001 (trend)

^aRutter Malaise inventory scores in top 20th centile.

^bPer SD increase in composite hardship indicator.