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. 2014 Feb;104(2):e127–e133. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301502

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© American Public Health Association 2014

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FIGURE 1— — Nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) and mental illness (MI) among cigarette smokers (n = 9913 current smokers): the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2001–2002.

Note. ED = externalizing disorder only; ID = internalizing disorder only; IED = internalizing and externalizing disorders; ND = no disorder; PD = psychotic episode or disorder. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Nicotine withdrawal syndrome estimates are adjusted for gender, income, education, and age. Analyses accounted for the survey design, and we applied survey weights to generate nationally representative estimates.