Table1.
Trends in current smoking of long/ultra-long cigarettes among U.S. adult Smokers a, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999/2000 to 2011/2012
| Characteristic | 1999/2000; n=999 % (95% CI) |
2001/2002; n=1171 % (95% CI) |
2003/2004 n=1,131 % (95% CI) |
2005/2006 n=1089 % (95% CI) |
2007/2008 n=1,319 % (95% CI) |
2009/2010 n=1,346 % (95% CI) |
2011/2012 n=1,108 % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted Annual Percentage Change (95% CI) |
Test for Linear trend b p-value |
Test for Quadratic trend b p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 43.1 (37.0–49.1) | 40.5 (36.0–45.0) | 39.3 (35.0–43.6) | 37.0 (31.4–42.7) | 29.7 (24.8–34.5) | 32.4 (27.1–37.7) | 38.7 (33.0–44.3) | −1.8 (−4.2 to 0.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 34.7 (27.9–41.5) | 30.2 (25.9–34.6) | 29.8 (25.5–34.1) | 26.9 (20.7–33.0) | 20.2 (16.5–24.0) | 24.9 (17.9–31.8) | 28.0 (23.0–32.9) | −2.4 (−5.7 to 1.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Female | 52.9 (46.3–59.4) | 52.1 (46.4–57.8) | 50.5 (44.8–56.3) | 49.6 (42.1–57.1) | 41.4 (33.5–49.4) | 40.7 (34.6–46.8) | 52.7 (43.8–61.5) | −1.4 (−3.6 to 0.8) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||
| Married/Living with partner | 43.0 (34.0–51.9) | 43.9 (37.7–50.2) | 39.0 (34.0–43.9) | 36.4 (29.9–43.0) | 27.1 (19.2–35.0) | 33.4 (25.0–41.7) | 36.4 (30.6–42.1) | −2.1 (−4.4 to 0.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 45.8 (37.3–54.3) | 50.9 (41.9–59.9) | 49.4 (41.8–57.0) | 46.3 (38.4–54.2) | 42.5 (37.5–47.5) | 35.2 (27.0–43.3) | 49.9 (40.6–59.1) | −1.0 (−3.9 to 1.9 | 0.023 | 0.022 |
| Never married | 37.9 (28.9–46.9) | 24.5 (20.0–29.0) | 30.2 (22.5–37.9) | 28.9 (20.6–37.3) | 22.2 (15.7–28.8) | 27.7 (22.5–33.0) | 33.8 (23.7–43.8) | −0.6 (−5.0 to 4.0) | 0.125 | - c |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 18–24 | 29.2 (16.4–41.9) | 22.6 (16.7–28.6) | 25.3 (16.7–33.9) | 21.8 (13.2–30.4) | 12.4 (3.5–21.3) | 20.2 (12.6–27.7) | 25.9 (13.1–38.8) | −1.7 (−6.2 to 3.0) | 0.259 | - c |
| 25–44 | 39.5 (31.8–47.3) | 36.4 (31.4–41.3) | 31.5 (26.2–36.7) | 28.8 (20.8–36.9) | 22.6 (17.1–28.0) | 25.0 (19.2–30.8) | 31.4 (23.2–39.6) | −0.4 (−2.5 to 1.8) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| 45–64 | 50.7 (42.4–59.0) | 51.3 (44.4–58.1) | 51.6 (43.7–59.4) | 47.8 (37.8–57.8) | 39.6 (30.6–48.6) | 42.7 (33.1–52.2) | 45.1 (36.8–53.4) | −1.7 (−3.2 to −0.1) | 0.025 | 0.022 |
| ≥65 | 71.0 (61.0–80.9) | 67.0 (57.6–76.3) | 61.2 (48.3–74.2) | 63.6 (51.5–75.7) | 55.8 (47.4–64.3) | 54.1 (41.4–66.8) | 62.5 (46.0–79.0) | −2.1 (−3.5 to −0.6) | 0.465 | - c |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 44.9 (37.3–52.4) | 42.3 (37.1–47.5) | 39.7 (34.5–44.9) | 38.2 (32.4–44.0) | 28.6 (21.3–35.9) | 31.5 (24.4–38.7) | 37.8 (31.0–44.6) | −2.3 (−4.6 to 0.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 39.3 (28.2–50.3) | 38.8 (31.5–46.0) | 49.3 (43.4–55.2) | 38.7 (29.6–47.9) | 42.5 (38.1–47.0) | 42.0 (33.5–50.4) | 54.5 (47.7–61.2) | 1.7 (−1.7 to 5.3) | 0.220 | - c |
| Hispanic | 35.3 (26.9–43.8) | 32.6 (24.1–41.0) | 26.7 (18.1–35.3) | 23.9 (14.2–33.7) | 18.7 (14.2–23.2) | 24.1 (16.0–32.2) | 28.8 (20.3–37.3) | 1.1 (−1.9 to 4.2) | 0.221 | - c |
| Other race, non-Hispanic | 47.2 (28.2–66.1) | 43.3 (22.9–63.8) | 37.6 (21.5–53.6) | 37.2 (17.4–57.1) | 36.3 (19.7–53.0) | 34.2 (21.0–47.5) | 34.2 (11.3–57.2) | −1.5 (−3.5 to 0.5) | 0.142 | - c |
| School Level | ||||||||||
| <9th grade | 38.3 (20.1–56.6) | 30.5 (18.1–43.0) | 39.4 (30.1–48.6) | 23.6 (10.1–37.2) | 26.9 (13.4–40.3) | 41.6 (23.8–59.4) | 30.9 (16.5–45.4) | −0.9 (−6.2 to 4.8) | 0.660 | - c |
| 9–11 grade | 40.9 (33.7–48.1) | 42.1 (33.7–50.5) | 44.1 (38.1–50.2) | 41.5 (30.8–52.1) | 30.2 (24.4–35.9) | 35.4 (28.1–42.7) | 42.6 (35.2–50.0) | −1.0 (−4.2 to 2.4) | 0.023 | 0.023 |
| High School graduate/GED | 41.3 (33.4–49.2) | 42.7 (33.3–52.0) | 37.8 (33.6–42.1) | 34.5 (25.7–43.4) | 32.5 (24.2–40.8) | 28.9 (21.4–36.4) | 38.4 (26.9–49.8) | −2.4 (−4.7 to 0.0) | 0.044 | 0.042 |
| > High school | 47.3 (38.0–56.6) | 39.4 (32.4–46.4) | 38.4 (31.6–45.2) | 39.0 (33.3–44.6) | 27.5 (22.5–32.6) | 31.8 (26.2–37.5) | 38.0 (30.3–45.7) | −2.6 (−6.1 to 0.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| Underweight | 50.0 (9.7–90.4) | 30.4 (10.1–50.7) | 38.7 (15.2–62.3) | 49.9 (27.2–72.5) | 36.8 (20.2–53.3) | 44.3 (22.4–66.2) | 33.1 (1.9–64.4) | −0.1 (−5.8 to 6.1) | 0.902 | - c |
| Normal | 40.5 (30.9–50.1) | 39.1 (33.0–45.1) | 39.2 (33.0–45.5) | 30.9 (24.5–37.4) | 29.8 (21.1–38.4) | 30.6 (22.0–39.2) | 37.6 (29.5–45.6) | −1.6 (−4.4 to 1.3) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Overweight | 44.7 (38.1–51.3) | 34.7 (27.6–41.7) | 35.8 (29.3–42.3) | 33.4 (25.1–41.6) | 29.7 (23.7–35.8) | 28.0 (20.3–35.7) | 39.8 (32.3–47.4) | −1.8 (−5.2 to 1.8) | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Obese | 45.5 (36.9–54.2) | 50.2 (42.2–58.1) | 42.3 (35.3–49.4) | 46.7 (37.5–56.0) | 29.5 (23.6–35.4) | 38.5 (30.9–46.0) | 39.2 (30.7–47.7) | −2.6 (−6.1 to 1.1) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
Note: n=unweighted number, CI=Confidence Interval, GED= General Education Development certificate.
a
The denominator for all analyses was current cigarette smokers aged ≥20 years (i.e. respondents who reported that they had smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime, and smoked daily or on some days at the time of the survey).
b
Assessed in a binary logistic regression model that adjusted for all factors listed in table.
c
Quadratic trend not assessed because of a non-significant linear trend.