Table 2. Adjusted odds ratios for individual risk factors and mortalitya.
| Cause of death | N of death | Diet | PA | Alcohol | Smoking |
| All-cause | 21,363 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.23)*** | 1.34 (1.27, 1.43)*** | 1.36 (1.21, 1.52)*** | 1.58 (1.46, 1.70)*** |
| All-CVD | 5,725 | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19)* | 1.25 (1.24, 1.47)*** | 1.14 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.45)*** |
| IHD | 2235 | 1.17 (1.03, 1.31)* | 1.40 (1.23, 1.58)*** | 0.85 (0.67, 1.07) | 1.28 (1.12, 1.48)*** |
| All-respiratory | 3,581 | 1.25 (1.12, 1.38)*** | 1.67 (1.49, 1.87)*** | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49)* | 2.01 (1.78, 2.27)*** |
| Cardio-pulmonary | 9,306 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.24)*** | 1.44 (1.34, 1.56)*** | 1.18 (1.02, 1.56)* | 1.55 (1.42, 1.70)*** |
| All-stroke | 2,312 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.06) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.45)*** | 1.40 (1.14, 1.72)** | 1.32 (1.14, 1.51)*** |
| Haemorrhagic | 851 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.15 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.59 (1.20, 2.12)*** | 1.42 (1.15, 1.75)** |
| Non-haemorrhagic | 1,461 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 1.39 (1.20, 1.60)*** | 1.24 (0.95, 1.62) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48)* |
| Ischaemic | 162 | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13) | 1.30 (0.88, 1.91) | 1.39 (0.67, 2.91) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.24) |
| Others | 1,299 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.39 (1.19, 1.62)*** | 1.23 (0.93, 1.62) | 1.31 (1.09, 1.57)** |
| All Cancer | 8,066 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19)* | 1.24 (1.15, 1.34)*** | 1.47 (1.29, 1.68)*** | 1.93 (1.77, 2.11)*** |
| Lung cancer | 2,318 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.24) | 1.23 (1.09, 1.40)** | 1.27 (1.06, 1.51)** | 4.69 (4.11, 5.34)*** |
| Liver cancer | 999 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48)* | 1.76 (1.39, 2.23)*** | 1.24 (1.03, 1.49)* |
| Colorectal cancer | 977 | 1.16 (0.99, 1.34) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.43)* | 1.40 (1.06, 1.86)* | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) |
| Stomach cancer | 495 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.24) | 1.27 (1.01, 1.60)* | 1.20 (0.83, 1.73) | 1.19 (0.93, 1.54) |
| Oesophagus cancer | 258 | 1·39 (1.03, 1.88)* | 1.58 (1.07, 2.32)* | 5.81 (4.19, 8.06)*** | 3.07 (2.07, 4.53)*** |
| Breast cancer | 310 | 0.82 (0.60, 1.13) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.62) | 0.94 (0.39, 2.25) | 1.28 (0.81, 2.03) |
| Prostate cancer | 102 | 0.66 (0.40, 1.09) | 1.28 (0.77, 2.11) | 1.91 (1.04, 3.51)* | 1.21 (0.74, 1.96) |
| Injury and poisoning | 817 | 1.46 (1.21, 1.75)*** | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 1.23 (0.89, 1.70) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.45) |
a
Adjusting for sex, age (5 yrs group), education (no/primary, secondary, tertiary or higher), place of birth, housing (public housing, hut/shared, self owned, quarter/others), job (sedentary, light, moderate, heavy, none) and the other variables in the table. Reference odds ratio is “1” for fruit intake 7 times or above per week, physical activities 2 times or above per week, non-heavy drinking and never-smoking.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.