Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios for combined risk factors and mortalitya.
| Risk factors | |||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Each increase | P for sex interaction | |
| Subject (N) | 4,996 | 10,482 | 7,824 | 3,282 | 909 | ||
| All-cause | 1 | 1.30 (1.20, 1.40)*** | 1.67 (1.54, 1.81)*** | 2.32 (2.08, 2.60)*** | 3.85 (3.12, 4.75)*** | 1.33 (1.29, 1.37)*** | 0.03* |
| All-CVD | 1 | 1.29 (1.16, 1.44)*** | 1.49 (1.32, 1.67)*** | 1.94 (1.66, 2.26)*** | 2.41 (1.81, 3.20)*** | 1.23 (1.18, 1.28)*** | 0.81 |
| IHD | 1 | 1.33 (1.13, 1.56)** | 1.59 (1.34, 1.89)*** | 2.01 (1.61, 2.50)*** | 1.64 (1.08, 2.51)* | 1.22 (1.15, 1.30)*** | 0.50 |
| All-respiratory | 1 | 1.45 (1.24, 1.68)*** | 2.37 (2.03, 2.77)*** | 3.45 (2.84, 4.19)*** | 5.29 (3.87, 7.24)*** | 1.53 (1.45, 1.62)*** | 0.07 |
| Cardio-pulmonary | 1 | 1.34 (1.22, 1.48)*** | 1.76 (1.59, 1.96)*** | 2.39 (2.08, 2.75)*** | 3.33 (2.59, 4.27)*** | 1.34 (1.29, 1.39)*** | 0.27 |
| All-stroke | 1 | 1.28 (1.10, 1.49)** | 1.31 (1.11, 1.54)** | 1.82 (1.46, 2.26)*** | 2.77 (1.93, 3.40)*** | 1.20 (1.13, 1.27)*** | 0.05* |
| Haemorrhagic | 1 | 1.32 (1.04, 1.68)* | 1.41 (1.09, 1.82)** | 1.69 (1.22, 2.34)** | 3.42 (2.13, 5.49)*** | 1.22 (1.12, 1.33)*** | 0.50 |
| Non-haemorrhagic | 1.26 (1.05, 1.51)* | 1.24 (1.02, 1.52)* | 1.89 (1.45, 2.45)*** | 2.19 (1.38, 3.47)*** | 1.18 (1.10, 1.27)*** | 0.08 | |
| Ischaemic | 1 | 1.19 (0.75, 1.89) | 0.98 (0.58, 1.66) | 0.73 (0.31, 1.65) | 1.58 (0.44, 5.61) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.18) | 0.18 |
| Others | 1 | 1.28 (1.05, 1.55)* | 1.29 (1.05, 1.59)* | 2.04 (1.56, 2.68)*** | 2.30 (1.42, 3.73)** | 1.21 (1.12, 1.31)*** | 0.15 |
| All Cancer | 1 | 1.24 (1.12, 1.36)*** | 1.60 (1.45, 1.78)*** | 2.51 (2.20, 2.88)*** | 4.27 (3.27, 5.50)*** | 1.37 (1.32, 1.42)*** | 0.07 |
| Lung cancer | 1 | 1.29 (1.08, 1.65)** | 2.40 (2.00, 2.87)*** | 4.60 (3.75, 5.64)*** | 6.82 (5.05, 9.21)*** | 1.71 (1.62, 1.81)*** | 0.06 |
| Liver cancer | 1 | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) | 1.46 (1.10, 1.95)* | 2.91 (1.94, 4.35)*** | 1.21 (1.12, 1.31)*** | 0.41 |
| Colorectal cancer | 1 | 1.17 (0.95, 1.43) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.50) | 1.25 (0.92, 1.70) | 2.57 (1.64, 4.04)*** | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22)** | 0.70 |
| Stomach cancer | 1 | 1.27 (0.93, 1.72) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.73) | 1.59 (1.07, 2.36)* | 2.15 (1.17, 3.93)* | 1.15 (1.03, 1.28)* | 0.97 |
| Oesophagus cancer | 1 | 1.35 (0.68, 2.70) | 2.82 (1.25, 5.29)** | 7.36 (3.73, 14.52)*** | 30.89 (15.09, 63.21)*** | 2.59 (2.22, 3.02)*** | 0.68 |
| Breast cancer | 1 | 1.48 (1.06, 2.07)* | 1.00 (0.65, 1.52) | 1.96 (0.97, 2.97) | N/A | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | - |
| Prostate cancer | 1 | 1.70 (0.78, 3.68) | 1.20 (0.53, 2.69) | 2.28 (1.00, 5.21)* | 1.46 (0.37, 5.67) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.41) | - |
| Injury and poisoning | 1 | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 1.62 (1.22, 2.15)** | 1.52 (1.07, 2.17)* | 3.02 (1.80, 5.06)*** | 1.24 (1.13, 1.36)*** | 0.98 |
a
Adjusting for sex, age (5 yrs group), education (no/primary, secondary, tertiary or higher), place of birth, housing (public housing, hut/shared, self owned, quarter/others) and job (sedentary, light, moderate, heavy, none).
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.