|
Abdominal pain
|
| Occurs within 6 hours of bite |
1 |
| Onset within 30 minutes of bite |
0.5 |
| Lasting more than 1 hour |
0.5 |
| Bearable with difficulty/Unbearable |
0.5 |
|
Local envenoming
|
| Presence of local swelling |
1 |
| Swelling involving more than half the limb |
1 |
| Necrosis/Gangrene/Compartment syndrome |
1 |
|
Coagulopathy
|
| On admission 20WBCT prolonged (>20 min) |
1 |
| Subsequent 20WBCTs prolonged (repeated 6 hourly, if any) |
1 |
| Spontaneous bleeding (local bleeding/gum bleeding/epistaxis/subconjunctival haemorrhage |
1 |
| Severe bleeding (gasterointestinal bleeding/haematuria) |
1 |
|
Neuromuscular paralysis
|
| Ptosis/Opthalmoplegia |
1 |
| Neck/limb muscle weakness |
1 |
| Respiratory paralysis |
1 |
|
Renal dysfunction
|
| Blood urea >13 mmol/l |
1 |
| Oliguria with high blood urea nitrogen/high serum K+
|
1 |
| Renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy |
1 |
|
Cardiovascular dysfunction
|
| Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and signs of early circulatory collapse |
1 |
| Severe circulatory collapse (shock)/arrhythmias |
1 |
| Acute myocardial infarction/heart failure |
1 |
