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. 2014 Feb 11;11(4):344–348. doi: 10.7150/ijms.8140

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Glial scar formation in the peri-infarct region of the human brain after ischemic stroke. A. Human ischemic brain sections were stained with anti-CSPG. Representative images show that increased CSPG expression was predominantly found in the peri-infarct region and some were within the infarct area. Top panel: low magnification; Bottom panel: high magnification. B. Immunocytochemistry was performed using anti-GFAP. Representative images indicate that GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes significantly increased in the peri-infarct region after ischemic stroke in humans, compared with the normal region. Left panel: low magnification; Right panel: higher magnification. C. Immunocytochemistry was performed using anti-ED1. Representative images indicate that ED1-positive activated microglia were significantly increased in the peri-infarct region after ischemic stroke in humans, compared with the normal region. Left panel: low magnification; right panel: high magnification.