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. 2013 Nov 14;28(2):353–379. doi: 10.1007/s00464-013-3171-5
Level 2B The lidocaine patch does not significantly reduce postoperative acute or chronic pain
Level 4 Local injection after surgery at suture sites can resolve pain
Level 4 Suture removal can resolve chronic pain
Level 4 Mesh removal can resolve chronic pain
Level 4 Multimodality pain treatment can resolve chronic pain