Table 3.
Urinalysis results of the silkworm extract powder
| Main group | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Parameter | Result | Dose (mg/kg/day) | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Male | Female | ||||||||
|
|
|
||||||||
| 0 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 0 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Glucose | Negative | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Bilirubin | Negative | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ketone body | Negative | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Trace | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 15 mg/dl | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Specific gravity | ≤ 1.005 | 3 | 0* | 0* | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1.010 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | |
| 1.015 | 0 | 1* | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1.020 | 0 | 0 | 2* | 4** | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| pH | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 7.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 8.0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 8.5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | |
| ≥ 9.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1* | 0 | 3* | |
| Protein | Negative | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Trace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
| 30 mg/dl | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 100 mg/dl | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| ≥ 300 mg/dl | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | |
| Urobilinogen Nitrite | 0.2 EU/dl | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 1.0 EU/dl | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Negative | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | |
| Positive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Occult blood | Negative | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Trace | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Small | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Clarity | Clear | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| RBC | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| ≤ 4 mean/field | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| 5~8 mean/field | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| WBC | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| ≤ 5 mean/field | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| 6~20 mean/field | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 21~50 mean/field | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Epithelial cell | 0/20 field | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Few/20 field | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Around 1/few field | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Few/field | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Casts | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 mean/field | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| 2~5 mean/field | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 6~10 mean/field | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Volume (ml/24 hr)a) | 12.2 ± 5.2 | 16.6 ± 3.6 | 14.2 ± 2.3 | 15.4 ± 5.0 | 21.4 ± 8.3 | 17.0 ± 5.1 | 21.4 ± 5.4 | 11.4 ± 3.8 | |
| Color-Yellow | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| No. of animals | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
*/** Significantly different from control at p < 0.05/p<0.01.
a)Values are mean ± S.D.