Figure 5.
(A) Representative three-dimensional micro-CT reconstruction and quantification of the renal MV density and vascular volume fraction, and (B) representative renal protein expression and quantification of angiogenic mediators in normal, renovascular disease (RVD), and RVD + vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Intrarenal VEGF therapy restored the renal expression of VEGF and angiogenic mediators and led to a significant improvement in cortical and medullary MV density compared to untreated RVD. *, P < 0.05 versus normal; †, P < 0.05 versus RVD; #, P = 0.08 versus RVD. Reproduced, with permission, from Chade et al., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 302: F1342–F1350, 2012.