Table 1.

Results of AMOVA on Liquidambar styraciflua populations from USA (Morris et al. 2008) and Mesoamerica (a), and AMOVA and SAMOVA models on Mesoamerican populations with no groups defined a priori (b), by populations separated by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (c) and by genetic groups (populations separated by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Los Tuxtlas) (d), and SAMOVA K = 3 groups (3).

	df	Sum of squares	Variance components	Percentage of variation	Fixation indices
(a) USA and Mesoamerica
Among groups	1	77.977	0.5719	31.09	FCT = 0.31***
Among populations within groups	44	286.419	1.1052	60.09	FSC = 0.87***
Within populations	221	35.832	0.1621	8.82	FST = 0.91***
Total	226	400.228	1.8393
(b) No groups defined
Among populations	18	108.032	0.7053	86.77
Within populations	141	15.166	0.1075	13.23	FST = 0.86***
Total	159	123.198	0.8128
(c) Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Among groups	1	28.034	0.2826	29.90	FCT = 0.29*
Among populations within groups	17	79.998	0.5549	58.72	FSC = 0.83***
Within populations	141	15.166	0.1075	11.38	FST = 0.88***
Total	159	123.198	0.9452
(d) Genetic groups
Among groups	2	44.925	0.3963	40.95	FCT = 0.40**
Among  populations within groups	16	66.106	0.4640	47.94	FSC = 0.81***
Within populations	141	15.166	0.1075	11.11	FST = 0.88***
Total	159	123.198	0.9680
(e) SAMOVA K = 3
Among groups	2	114.642	1.1307	53.03	FCT = 0.53***
Among populations within groups	16	86.685	0.6078	28.51	FSC = 0.60***
Within populations	141	55.517	0.3937	18.46	FST = 0.81***
Total	159	256.844	2.1323

^**P < 0.01

^**P < 0.001

^***P < 0.0001.