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. 2013 Oct 9;6(1):16–26. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201303300

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© 2014 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, 1 which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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In a quantitative manner, the regulation of 3′end processing stimulates or inhibits the gene expression via the formation of specific mRNPs. Qualitatively, mRNAs containing more than one polyadenylation signal (PAS) can be subjected to APA. In case both PAS are present in the 3′UTR (PAS1 and PAS 2a), APA results in the expression of mRNA isoforms that encode the same protein (protein 1) but differ in the length of their 3′UTR (mRNA 1, mRNA 2a), including or excluding regulatory elements such as miRNA or RBP binding sites. If one poly(A) signal is contained within the coding region (PAS 2b), APA produces mRNA isoforms with distinct C-terminal coding regions (mRNA 2a and mRNA 2b), which leads to the expression of different protein isoforms (protein 1 and protein 2).