Fig. 3.

Vessel pair distances, pit area per vessel area and individual vessel air-seeding pressures in deep and shallow roots of Q. fusiformis (QD and QS, respectively) and S. lanuginosum (SD and SS, respectively). (A) Q. fusiformis vessels are farther apart, particularly in shallow roots, than S. lanuginosum vessels. (B) Shallow roots of S. lanuginosum have more pit area per vessel area than deep roots of the same species. Pit area per vessel area is similar in deep and shallow Q. fusiformis roots. (C) Q. fusiformis root vessels are more resistant to embolism than S. lanuginosum root vessels, and shallow root vessels are more resistant than deep root vessels. Error bars are the standard errors.