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. 2014 Feb 10;55(2):292–303. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.2.292

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© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4 — Protein-lysine demethylation pathways. (A) ε-Alkyllysinase is the first lysine-specific demethylase identified and converts ε-N-monomethyl-lysine to formaldehyde and free lysine by the activity of FAD-dependent amine oxidase (oxygen oxidoreductase). The purified enzyme was named to KDM1A or LSD1. (B) A group of Jumonji C-domain histone demethylase demethylates various ε-N-methylated lysine residues in the presence of Fe⁺⁺ and α-ketoglutarate by the activity of dioxygenase. The reaction generates formaldehyde and free lysine with succinate through decarboxylation and methyl-alcohol intermediate.