Table 1.
Disease characteristics of 382 T2DM patients compared by gender
| Females N=173 | Males N=173 | P value** | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* |
63.5±10.1 |
62.7±11.5 |
0.48 |
| BMI (kg/cm2)* |
31.9±5.2 |
29.2±9.7 |
0.001 |
| Obesity (%) |
59.0 |
27.3 |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years)* |
14.0±11.9 |
11.9±8.6 |
0.05 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) * |
154.5±64.1 |
146.1±57.2 |
0.18 |
| HbA1c (%)* |
7.9±1.4 |
7.5±1.6 |
0.04 |
| Diabetes complications: |
|
|
|
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) |
12.8 |
21.5 |
0.02 |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) |
32.0 |
49.3 |
0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) |
84.2 |
82.3 |
0.62 |
| Cerebral vascular accident |
9.9 |
8.1 |
0.55 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) |
86.7 |
79.9 |
0.07 |
| Diabetes medications: |
|
|
|
| Metformin (%) |
66.5 |
60.3 |
0.21 |
| Sulfonylureas (%) |
53.2 |
56.0 |
0.58 |
| Acarbose (%) |
9.2 |
11.1 |
0.56 |
| Rosiglitazone (%) |
6.9 |
12.9 |
0.05 |
| Exenatide (%) |
5.2 |
4.8 |
0.85 |
| Insulin (%) |
49.1 |
44.0 |
0.31 |
| Other medications: |
|
|
|
| Statins (%) |
82.6 |
79.9 |
0.51 |
| Alfa blockers (%) |
14.0 |
21.6 |
0.53 |
| ACE inhibitors (%) |
79.7 |
78.0 |
0.69 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) |
34.9 |
28.4 |
0.17 |
| Beta blockers (%) |
47.1 |
52.2 |
0.32 |
| Diuretics (%) |
36.0 |
36.8 |
0.87 |
| Nitrates (%) |
13.4 |
14.8 |
0.68 |
| Lifestyle characteristics: |
|
|
|
| Exercise (%) |
53.8 |
68.9 |
0.02 |
| Adherence to dietary counseling (%) | 86.0 | 87.1 | 0.76 |
Values are expressed as percentage.
*Mean ± standard deviation; Obesity = BMI ≥ 30 kg/cm2.
**P value is for across-group comparison; post hoc testing was conducted for significant findings.