Figure 3.

Rapamycin promoted membrane remodeling in HUVECs. (A) HUVECs were incubated with rapamycin (10 nM) for 30 minutes. Cells were fixed and detected by immunofluorescence with an anti-β-actin antibody. The representative images showed the formation of dorsal ruffle. (B) HUVECs were treated with the indicated concentration of rapamycin for 30 minutes. Cells were fixed and detected by immunofluorescence with an anti-β-actin antibody. The ratio of cells with dorsal ruffle to total cells was evaluated. Notice that rapamycin at the concentration of 10 to 1000 nM can lead to dramatically enhanced dorsal ruffle formation. Columns, means of three independent experiments; bars, SD. (C) HUVECs were incubated with rapamycin (10 nM) for the indicated time. Cells were fixed and detected by immunofluorescence with an anti-β-actin antibody. The ratio of cells with dorsal ruffle to total cells was evaluated. Means ± SD are given and were obtained from 3 independent experiments.