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. 2014 Feb 23;12:53. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-53

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Copyright © 2014 Zhao et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Inflammation in the peripheral blood and kidney. The serum level of TNF-α (A) and IFN-γ (B) showed a stable increase after transplantation, a summit at day 5 and a gradual decrease thereafter. Immunohistochemistry staining at 400× magnification displayed that MPO + cells scattered in the posttransplant kidneys, mostly in vascular lumens and interstitial areas and some also in glomerular areas, or penetrating through tubular areas (C). The number of MPO + cells markedly increased from day 2, culminated at day 5 and notably reduced since day 7 till day 14 (D). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Post N: post nephrectomy. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001.