Table 3.
Factors associated with smoking susceptibility among current non-smokers (n = 4613)
| |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | OR a (95% CI) | p-value | OR b (95% CI) | p-value |
|
Sex |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Female |
0.98 (0.81-1.19) |
0.886 |
1.53 (1.24-1.89) |
<0.001 |
|
Age in years (categorical) |
|
|
|
|
| ≤ 13 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| > 13 |
1.14 (0.92-1.43) |
0.219 |
1.06 (0.84-1.33) |
0.597 |
|
Parents’ smoking status |
|
|
|
|
| None |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| At least one parent smokes |
1.82 (1.52-2.19) |
<0.001 |
1.64 (1.35-1.99) |
<0.001 |
| I don’t know |
2.44 (1.39-4.28) |
<0.001 |
1.51 (0.82-2.76) |
0.179 |
|
Friends’ smoking status |
|
|
|
|
| do not have friends who smoke |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Have friends who smoke |
2.84 (2.36-3.42) |
<0.001 |
2.77 (2.27-3.40) |
<0.001 |
|
Classes on harmful effects of smoking |
|
|
|
|
| Did attend |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Did not attend |
1.13 (0.95-1.36) |
0.161 |
1.16 (0.95-1.40) |
0.126 |
|
Access to antismoking media |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Yes |
0.82 (0.68-0.99) |
0.041 |
0.73 (0.59-0.89) |
0.002 |
|
Exposure to billboards cigarette marketing |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Yes |
1.19 (0.99-1.43) |
0.062 |
0.98 (0.78-1.22) |
0.863 |
|
Exposure to newspapers/magazines cigarette marketing |
|
|
||
| No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Yes |
1.29 (1.07-1.56) |
0.008 |
1.30 (1.03-1.65) |
0.026 |
|
Boys who smoke have more or less friends |
|
|
|
|
| Less friends or no difference |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| More friends |
0.99 (0.79-1.23) |
0.946 |
0.78 (0.58-1.04) |
0.090 |
|
Girls who smoke have more or less friends |
|
|
|
|
| Less friends or no difference |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| More friends |
1.10 (0.87-1.41) |
0.408 |
0.96 (0.70-1.34) |
0.851 |
|
Boys who smoke are more or less attractive |
|
|
|
|
| Less attractive or no difference |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| More attractive |
1.70 (1.34-2.16) |
<0.001 |
1.36 (0.99-1.85) |
0.051 |
|
Girls who smoke are more or less attractive |
|
|
|
|
| Less attractive or no difference |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| More attractive |
1.66 (1.26-2.17) |
<0.001 |
1.30 (0.91-1.85) |
0.141 |
|
People who smoke are more or less comfortable |
|
|
|
|
| Less comfortable or no difference |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| More comfortable |
1.69 (1.25-2.28) |
0.001 |
1.32 (0.94-1.85) |
0.101 |
|
Knowledge of harmful effects of smoking |
|
|
|
|
| Poor |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Good |
0.50 (0.40-0.63) |
<0.001 |
0.54 (0.43-0.69) |
<0.001 |
|
Knowledge of harmful effects of secondhand smoke |
|
|
|
|
| Poor |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Good | 0.74 (0.29-1.87) | 0.535 | 0.62 (0.24-1.62) | 0.335 |
ORa = unadjusted odds ratio.
ORb = odds ratios adjusted for gender, age, parents smoking status, friend smoking status, education of harmful effects of smoking, access to antismoking media, exposure to billboards cigarette marketing, exposure to newspaper/magazines cig marketing, expected social outcomes of smoking, knowledge of harmful effects of smoking, knowledge of harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
CI = confidence intervals.