Figure 4.

S. aureus evokes oxidative stress in Müller glia. MIO-M1 cells were challenged with S. aureus (SA) for four hours. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected via immunostaining (A) and ROS quantification was performed using flow cytometry and the data are presented as the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) after DCFH-DA staining (B). The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicates from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a student’s t-test for comparison of SA infected cells versus uninfected control cells (*P < 0.05).