Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Number (SD) o % | TotalN = 3,633 | AliveN = 1,133 | DeadN = 975 | P | HR | CI 95% |
| Age | 66.4±9.7 | 64.0±9.3 | 70.8±8.7 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 1.06–1.08 |
| Gender (men) | 3,389 (93.3) | 1,040 (91.8) | 953 (97.7) | <0.001 | 2.99 | 2.10–4.24 |
| SmokingYesNonFormer | 26.9%1.2%71.9% | 32.2%0.4%67.4% | 20.8%2.1%77.1% | <0.0010.001<0.001 | 0.702.161 (Ref) & | (0.61–0.80)(1.43–3.27)– |
| SmokingPacks/year | 53.4±26.5 | 55.4±27.3 | 56.6±26.8 | 0.101 | 1.01 | (1.00–1.08) |
| Charlson Index | 2.1±1.56 | 2.00±1.38 | 2.47±1.87 | <0.001 | 1.18 | (1.14–1.23) |
| FVC (%) predicted | 80.2±22.6 | 88.6±22.4 | 69.0±20.7 | <0.001 | 0.97 | (0.97–0.98) |
| FEV1 (%) predicted | 53.8±19.4 | 58.4±20.6 | 44.6±16.5 | <0.001 | 0.97 | (0.96–0.97) |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 51.9±11.8 | 51.3±11.9 | 48.6±12.0 | <0.001 | 0.97 | (0.97–0.98) |
| Dyspnea (mMRC)01234 | 17.6%33.7%27.8%23.7%7.2% | 18.8%30.3%31.4%11.9%7.6% | 10.0%24.4%29.8%21.5%14.3% | <0.0010.0070.495<0.001<0.001 | 1 (Ref) &1.241.792.683.25 | –(0.99–1.55)(1.44–2.23)(2.13–3.39)(2.52–4.20) |
| Dyspnea (mMRC) # | 1.59±1.14 | 1.03±1.20 | 2.03±1.20 | <0.001 | 1.47 | (1.40–1.54) |
| SGRQ* | 42.7±20.4 | 43.1±20.2 | 47.6±19.2 | 0.003 | 1.01 | (1.01–1.02) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 27.9±4.98 | 27.7±4.82 | 27.1±4.99 | 0.018 | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) |
| 6-minute walking test (meters) | 397. 2±130.5 | 409.2±134.1 | 330.6±124.4 | <0.001 | 0.996 | (0.995–0.996) |
| Previous severe exacerbations ¥ | 0.89±1.82 | 0.91±2.22 | 1.28±1.86 | <0.001 | 1.07 | (1.05–1.09) |
Five-year mortality.
&
Reference group;
#
mMRC: dyspnea measured with the modified Medical Research Council;
*
Health related Quality of life, measured with Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire;
¥
Number of hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation in the previous year.