Table 2. Detection of pathogen-specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and specific RNA/DNA by RT-PCR in serum samples.
| Pathogens | Antibodies | RT-PCR or PCR | Laboratory confirmed infections | ||
| IgM | IgG | Four fold increase in IgG titers | |||
| Huaiyangshan virus | 18 | 26 | 23 | 30 | 34 |
| HTNV | 15 | 24 | 22 | 24 | 33 |
| SEOV* | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Rickettsia typhi | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Orentia tsutsugamushi | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Leptospira | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kysanur forest diseases virus | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| CCHFV | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Undetermined | - | - | - | - | 15 |
Abbreviations: HTNV, Hantaan virus; SEOV, Seoul virus; CCHFV, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.
-: Not available.
*: As the patient (without receiving HV vaccination) had a high level of IgG antibodies (1∶320) against SEOV it was diagnosed as SEOV infection even though it does not meet our defined case criteria (i.e. four-fold rise of IgG not demonstrated, IgM negative, PCR negative).