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Diagram illustrating the possible mechanism through which serum enhances the expression of PAO1 QS and QS-controlled virulence genes. Our results suggest that serum regulates the QS genes through vfr. Serum enhances vfr expression, which increases the level of Vfr. Consequently, lasR expression is increased and LasR is activated, which enhances lasI transcription and rhlI and rhlR transcription is activated. Additionally, activated LasR induces pqsA-E expression.
