Table 1. Summary of included studies .
| Study/Author(s) | Study design | Year of study | Settings | Summary |
| Health Reform Foundation in Nigeria, 2007 | Health review | 1996–2007 | Nigeria | THE remained <5% by 2005 |
| Appropriation Bill, 2013 | Policy briefs | 2012–2013 | Nigeria | Marginal increase in appropriation to health at 5.6% |
| World Bank, 2000 | World Bank reports | 1990–1998 | Nigeria | Expenditure on Health as a percentage (%) of GDP; at <1% |
| Nigeria Health Expenditure, 2013 | Panel discussion reports | 1995–2010 | Nigeria | PvtHE remained at 62% of THE |
| Novignon et al. 2012 | Panel data analysis | 1995–2010 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Increased health indices following increased private and public health system financing |
| SURE-P, 2013 | Panel discussion on government funding | 2013 | Nigeria | Increased primary and secondary facility care |
| World Bank, 2013 | Review of GDP growth rates | 2004–2012 | Nigeria | Increased economic prospects with a GDP rate of 6.6% |
| Central Bank of Nigeria, 2005 | Annual reports and statement of accounts | 2001–2003 | Nigeria | Accelerated growth in government funding of health system |
| Uzochukwu BSC, 2012 | Panel discussions: a review of the Nigerian situation | 2012 | Nigeria | Policy reforms to strengthen the private involvement |
| La Forgia and Harding, 2009 | A review of PPPs in São Paulo, Brazil | 2009 | Brazil | Efficiency in health system performance |
| Vicente and Castillejo, 2012 | A review of the Brazilian experience in modernizing hospitals | 2011–2012 | Brazil | Efficiency in health system performance |
| Purohit BC, 2005 | Cross-sectional study | 2005 | India | Efficiency in health system performance |
| La Forgia et al. 2005 | Case study | 2005 | Guatemala | Efficiency in primary health system performance |
| Rao et al. 2011 | Supplement article | 2009–2010 | Ethiopia | Decreased incidence of HIV and other related diseases |
| Meessen et al. 2011 | Review article on PBF | 2005–2008 | Rwanda | Efficiency in health system performance |
| Obansa SA, 2013 | Review paper of health financing | 1998–2007 | Nigeria | Proposes health financing reforms |
| Adinma and Adinnma, 2010 | Review paper | - | Nigeria | Strengthening CBHF |
| Carrin et al. 2005 | Data review | 1997–2001 | Developing countries | Strengthening CBHF |
| McIntyre et al. 2010 | Systematic review | - | Developing countries | Strengthening CBHF |
| ILO/STEP | Policy briefs | - | Developing countries | Strengthening micro insurance schemes through research |
SURE-P= Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment program, CBHF= Community-Based Health Financing, PBF= Performance-Based Financing, ILO/STEP= International Labour Organization/Skills Training and Employment Placement