Table 5.
Cross-sectional associations of the components of height with blood pressure at the early childhood visit (N = 1076) and the mid-childhood visit (N = 1023), and associations of change in height, trunk length or leg length with change in blood pressure between the early and mid-childhood visits (N = 774). Data from participants in Project Viva
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P |
| Linear growth and its components at the early childhood visita | ||||||
| Height (cm) | 0.37 (0.20, 0.53) | <.0001 | 0.13 (0.008, 0.26) | 0.04 | 0.24 (0.12, 0.36) | 0.0001 |
| Trunk length (cm) | 0.59 (0.34, 0.85) | <.0001 | 0.26 (0.07, 0.46) | 0.01 | 0.36 (0.17, 0.55) | 0.0002 |
| Leg length (cm) | 0.12 (−0.14, 0.39) | 0.37 | −0.01 (−0.21, 0.19) | 0.92 | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.31) | 0.30 |
| Linear growth and its components at the mid-childhood visitb | ||||||
| Height (cm) | 0.34 (0.24, 0.45) | <.0001 | 0.07 (−0.003, 0.15) | 0.06 | 0.27 (0.18, 0.36) | <.0001 |
| Trunk length (cm) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.83) | <.0001 | 0.17 (0.02, 0.31) | 0.02 | 0.46 (0.28, 0.64) | <.0001 |
| Leg length (cm) | 0.13 (−0.03, 0.30) | 0.12 | 0.002 (−0.11, 0.12) | 0.97 | 0.13 (−0.01, 0.27) | 0.07 |
| Change in linear growth and its components between the early and mid-childhood visitsc | ||||||
| Height (cm) | 0.38 (0.10, 0.66) | 0.01 | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.30) | 0.47 | 0.30 (0.08, 0.52) | 0.01 |
| Trunk length (cm) | 0.68 (0.25, 1.10) | 0.002 | 0.40 (0.08, 0.73) | 0.02 | 0.27 (−0.06, 0.61) | 0.11 |
| Leg length (cm) | 0.12 (−0.22, 0.46) | 0.49 | −0.14 (−0.40, 0.12) | 0.30 | 0.26 (−0.01, 0.52) | 0.06 |
aAssociations with BP measured at the mid-childhood visit.
bAssociations with BP measured at the mid-childhood visit.
a, bEstimate is increment in BP for each 1-cm increment in height component.Estimates are adjusted for age, sex, race, measurement conditions, parental anthropometry, child’s current SS + TR (similar to model 3 in Table 4) when the outcome is height, and additionally adjusted for the other component of height when the outcome is trunk or leg length (similar to model 5 in Table 4).
cAssociation with change in BP between the early and mid-childhood visits. Estimate is increment in change in BP for each 1-cm increment of change in height component. Estimates are adjusted for number of months, change in sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds thickness and change in physical activity between the early and mid-childhood visits.