Table 1.
Design and baseline characteristic of trials included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
| Source | No. of patients | Mean age, y | Sex (male, %) | Disease status | Intervention | Control | Follow-up (months) | Reporting outcomes | Jaded score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borchgrevink CF (1966) [7] |
100/100 |
57.4 |
100 |
Coronary heart disease |
10 ml linseed oil |
10 ml corn oil |
10 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
2 |
| Burr ML (1989) [8] |
1015/1018 |
56.5 |
100 |
Recovered from myocardial infarction |
Fish dietary |
Non-fish dietary |
24 |
Cancer incidence; Nonvascular death; total death |
1 |
| de Lorgeril M (1994) [28] |
302/303 |
53.5 |
90.8 |
Myocardial infarction within 6 months |
Alpha-linolenic acid rich diet |
Post-infarct prudent diet |
27 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
1 |
| Rossing P (1996) [9] |
18/18 |
33.0 |
65.5 |
Diabetic nephropathy |
N–3 fatty acids |
Olive oil |
12 |
Cancer incidence; |
4 |
| Leng GC (1998) [29] |
60/60 |
65.7 |
68.3 |
Stable intermittent claudication |
Gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids |
Placebo |
24 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
3 |
| von Schacky (1999) [10] |
111/112 |
58.4 |
80.3 |
Coronary artery disease |
Fish oil concentrate (55% eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) |
Placebo |
24 |
Cancer incidence; |
5 |
| GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators (1999) [11] |
5666/5658 |
60.0 |
85.3 |
Recovered from myocardial infarction |
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids witho or without vitamin E |
Vitamin E or no treatment |
42 |
Cancer incidence; Nonvascular death; total death |
3 |
| Nilsen DWT (2001) [12] |
150/150 |
64.0 |
79.4 |
Acute myocardial infarction |
4 g highly concentrated n-3 fatty acids |
Corn oil |
24 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
2 |
| Burr ML (2003) [13] |
1571/1543 |
61.1 |
100 |
Angina |
Two portions of oily fish each week, or to take three fish oil capsule daily with or without more fruit, vegetables and oats |
no specific dietary advice with or without more fruit, vegetables and oats |
60 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
3 |
| Raitt MH (2005) [14] |
100/100 |
62.5 |
86 |
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator and a recent episode of sustained VT or VF |
Fish oil, 1.8 g/d, 72% omega-3 PUFAs |
Placebo |
24 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
4 |
| Leaf A (2005) [30] |
200/202 |
65.5 |
83.1 |
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
Fish oil |
Olive oil |
12 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
3 |
| Brouwer IA (2006) [15] |
273/273 |
61.5 |
84.5 |
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
2 g/d of fish oil |
Placebo |
12 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
4 |
| JELIS Ivestigators (2007) [16] |
9326/9319 |
61.0 |
31.5 |
Total cholesterol of 6 · 5 mmol/L or greater |
EPA with statin |
Statin |
55.2 |
Cancer incidence; nonvascular death; total death |
5 |
| GISSI-HF investigators (2008) [31] |
3494/3481 |
67.0 |
NG |
Chronic heart failure |
N-3 PUFA 1 g daily |
Placebo |
46.8 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
5 |
| OMEGA Study Group (2010) [32] |
1919/1885 |
64.0 |
74.4 |
Recovered from myocardial infarction |
1 g omega-3 acid ethyl esters-90 |
Olive oil |
12 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
4 |
| Einvik G (2010) [33] |
282/281 |
70.1 |
100 |
Hypercholesterolemia (> 6.45 mmol/l) |
2.4 g n-3 PUFA |
Corn oil |
36 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
4 |
| SU.FOL.OM3 Collaborative Group (2010) [17] |
1253/1248 |
60.6 |
79.4 |
with a history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or ischaemic stroke |
Omega 3 fatty acids with or without vitamin B |
Placebo or vitamin B |
56.4 |
Cancer incidence; total death |
5 |
| Alpha Omega Trial Group (2010) [34] |
2404/2433 |
69.0 |
78.2 |
Recovered from myocardial infarction |
EPA and DHA with or without ALA |
ALA or placebo |
40.8 |
Nonvascular death; total death |
4 |
| The ORIGIN Trial Investigators (2012) [35] | 6281/6255 | 63.5 | 65.1 | High risk for cardiovascular events | N–3 fatty acids | Placebo | 74.4 | Nonvascular death; total death | 4 |