Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Population, by Frailty
| Nonfrail (n=38) | Intermediately Frail (n=47) | Frail (n=61) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Female sex | 42.1 | 40.4 | 54.1 | 0.30 |
| Age | 55.1 ± 13.4 | 62.1 ± 13.7 | 62.9 ± 12.9 | 0.01 |
| Black race | 89.5 | 85.1 | 80.3 | 0.50 |
| Enrollment body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.9 ±8.8 | 28.4 ± 7.8 | 28.7 ± 7.8 | 0.97 |
| Pre-dialysis body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 8.9 | 29.3 ± 8.6 | 31.6±9.6 | 0.23 |
| Tobacco use (history of smoking) | 15.8 | 19.2 | 26.2 | 0.49 |
| Time on hemodialysis (years)* | 4.5 [4.4] | 3.7 [4.4] | 3.3 [5.3] | 0.78 |
| High school or higher education Comorbidities | 79.0 | 85.1 | 80.3 | 0.74 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 10.5 | 29.8 | 42.6 | 0.002 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 5.3 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 0.92 |
| History of cancer | 15.8 | 23.4 | 16.4 | 0.59 |
| Hypertension | 94.7 | 85.1 | 88.5 | 0.37 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7.9 | 23.4 | 23.0 | 0.12 |
| Diabetes | 44.7 | 70.2 | 75.4 | 0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 47.4 | 34.0 | 37.7 | 0.45 |
| Angina | 7.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.55 |
| Myocardial infarction | 18.4 | 10.6 | 19.7 | 0.44 |
| Number of comorbidities | 2.4 ±1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ±1.5 | 0.13 |
| Comorbidity** | 15.8 | 29.8 | 36.1 | 0.09 |
| Disability** | 15.8 | 12.8 | 26.2 | 0.19 |
Mean ±standard deviations are reported for continuous variables.
*
Median and interquartile range provided.
**
As defined by Fried et al;1 see methods.