Table 1.
Participant intake characteristics and residential treatment received
| Measure | CM (n = 73) | ACC (n = 71) | ACC+CM (n = 82) | UCC (n = 79) | F or χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics [No. (%)] | ||||||
| Female | 21 (29) | 31 (44) | 30 (37) | 28 (35) | 4.18 | 0.25 |
| Age Mean (SD), | 15.7 (1.2) | 15.5 (1.2) | 15.9 (1.2) | 15.9 (1.0) | 1.86 | 0.14 |
| Race: | ||||||
| African American | 14 (19) | 4 (6) | 13 (16) | 6 (8) | 14.44 | 0.11 |
| Caucasian | 46 (63) | 55 (78) | 51 (62) | 60 (76) | ||
| Hispanic | 4 (6) | 5 (7) | 6 (7) | 1 (1) | ||
| Mixed/Other | 13 (18) | 11 (16) | 18 (22) | 13 (17) | ||
| Single Parent Family | 49 (69) | 42 (61) | 52 (69) | 47 (62) | 1.97 | 0.58 |
| Ever Homeless or Runaway | 36 (49) | 28 (39) | 33 (40) | 36 (46) | 1.97 | 0.59 |
| High severity victimization | 39 (53) | 36 (51) | 41 (50) | 33 (42) | 2.34 | 0.52 |
| Substance Severity: | ||||||
| Dependence | 62 (86) | 54 (76) | 65 (81) | 62 (81) | 5.60 | 0.48 |
| Abuse Only | 8 (11) | 16 (23) | 13 (16) | 15 (20) | ||
| Weekly Use Only | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Any Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorder: | 56 (77) | 55 (78) | 69 (84) | 63 (80) | 1.62 | 0.66 |
| Mood Disorder | 32 (44) | 32 (45) | 41 (50) | 36 (46) | 0.69 | 0.88 |
| Generalized Anxiety | 10 (14) | 7 (10) | 13 (16) | 10 (13) | 1.24 | 0.75 |
| Traumatic Stress | 18 (25) | 23 (33) | 34 (42) | 25 (32) | 5.03 | .17 |
| ADHD | 38 (52) | 32 (45) | 45 (55) | 34 (43) | 2.97 | .40 |
| Conduct Disorder | 47 (64) | 42 (60) | 58 (71) | 52 (66) | 1.97 | .58 |
| Any Violent Crime | 36 (49) | 39 (55) | 49 (60) | 49 (62) | 2.94 | 0.40 |
| Current criminal justice involvement | 67 (92) | 56 (79) | 71 (87) | 69 (87) | 5.22 | 0.16 |
| Prior substance abuse treatment: | ||||||
| Once | 28 (38) | 31 (44) | 33 (40) | 30 (38) | 4.43 | 0.63 |
| 2+ episodes | 22 (30) | 15 (21) | 17 (21) | 25 (32) | ||
| Ever attended self-help group | 27 (37) | 21 (30) | 25 (31) | 19 (24) | 3.03 | 0.40 |
| Intake Scores on Main GAIN Scales [Mean (SD)] | ||||||
| Substance Problem Scale | 10.1 (3.4) | 9.5 (3.6) | 10.0 (3.9) | 9.3 (3.8) | 0.71 | 0.55 |
| Internal Mental Distress Scale | 10.0 (10.0) | 10.8 (9.7) | 12.3 (10.2) | 10.4 (8.8) | 0.88 | 0.45 |
| Behavior Complexity Scale | 12.9 (9.1) | 11.5 (8.6) | 13.8 (7.7) | 13.1 (7.9) | 1.02 | 0.39 |
| Crime and Violence Scale | 9.4 (6.4) | 9.1 (6.3) | 8.9 (5.2) | 9.6 (5.9) | 0.21 | 0.89 |
| Social Risk Index | 14.4 (4.4) | 15.8 (4.9) | 14.6 (4.4) | 15.2 (5.3) | 1.39 | 0.25 |
| Recovery Environment Risk Index | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.15 | 0.93 |
| Treatment Resistance Index | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.10 | 0.35 |
| Treatment Motivation Index | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.2) | 0.66 | 0.58 |
| Self-Efficacy Scale | 4.1 (1.5) | 4.0 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.4) | 0.47 | 0.71 |
| Problem Orientation Scale | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.9 (2.0) | 2.1 (2.0) | 2.1 (2.1) | 0.21 | 0.89 |
| Personal Source of Stress Index | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.6) | 0.83 | 0.48 |
| Other Source of Stress Index | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.4 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.5) | 0.07 | 0.97 |
| Emotional Problems Scale | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.98 | 0.41 |
| Illegal Activity Scale | 0.1 (.1) | 0.1 (.1) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 2.86 | 0.04 |
| Intake Values for Outcome Measures [Mean (SD)] | ||||||
| % of Days in a controlled environment | 11.7 (17.6) | 16.6 (22.5) | 15.0 (20.7) | 11.2 (17.6) | 1.21 | 0.31 |
| % of Days abstinent from AOD | 32.4 (32.5) | 34.5 (28.9) | 25.7 (29.0) | 28.1 (30.8) | 1.34 | 0.26 |
| % of Days abstinent from heavy alcohol | 79.07 (26.7) | 74.7 (27.8) | 75.0 (25.3) | 77.3 (24.1) | 0.47 | 0.71 |
| % of Days abstinent from alcohol | 76.33 (28.6) | 71.4 (28.4) | 73.8 (25.8) | 74.6 (25.5) | 0.42 | 0.74 |
| % of Days abstinent from Marijuana use | 42.4 (35.0) | 42.0 (35.0) | 30.9 (30.2) | 33.1 (32.7) | 2.59 | 0.06 |
| In remission No. (%) | 6 (8) | 7 (10) | 5 (6) | 9 (11) | 2.86 | 0.43 |
| Residential treatment prior to continuing care [No. (%)] | ||||||
| Any Alcohol or drug use in treatment | 9 (12) | 8 (10) | 6 (7) | 8 (10) | 1.12 | 0.78 |
| Planned discharge | 40 (55) | 34 (48) | 47 (57) | 52 (66) | 5.05 | 0.17 |
| Length of residential stay (days) Mean (SD) | 77 (42.9) | 66 (46.2) | 72 (48.7) | 79 (48.6) | 1.06 | 0.37 |