Table 3.
Fixed effects regression of state MVC fatality rates per 100 million VMT, 1980–2010
| Model 1: Total MVC fatality rate | Model 2: MVC fatality rate (under 25 years) | Model 3: MVC fatality rate (25 years and older) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Law adoption score Q2 (versus Q1-lowest) | −0.045* -(0.088, −0.001) | −0.026** (−0.046, −0.006) | −0.019 (−0.047, 0.010) |
| Law adoption score Q3 | −0.134*** (−0.193, −0.074) | −0.06*** (−0.090, −0.029) | −0.073*** (−0.111, −0.036) |
| Law adoption score Q4 (highest) | −0.145*** (−0.228, −0.061) | −0.062** (−0.102, −0.023) | −0.073** (−0.124, −0.023) |
| Alcohol consumption (gallons, per capita) | 0.683* (0.058, 1.308) | 0.185 (−0.110, 0.480) | 0.449* (0.092, 0.807) |
| Percent poverty (%) | 0.002 (−0.012, 0.0015) | 0 (−0.006, 0.006) | 0 (−0.008, 0.009) |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | −0.038*** (−0.055, −0.020) | −0.018*** (−0.027, −0.010) | −0.021*** (−0.031, −0.010) |
| Population density (per square mile) | 0.005*** (0.003, 0.007) | 0.003*** (0.002, 0.004) | 0.002** (0.001, 0.004) |
| Population aged 15–24 (%) | 0.055** (0.014, 0.095) | 0.047*** (0.028, 0.067) | 0.011 (−0.012, 0.033) |
| N | 1450 | 1450 | 1450 |
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001
Table includes regression coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Models estimated using two-stage General Method of Moments (GMM). Alcohol consumption is treated as endogenous and instrumented using law variables (Sunday ban, log beer tax, minimum legal drinking age, keg registration). Models additionally control for time, time2, miles road per capita and taxes per capita. Policy adoption scores are lagged 1 year.