Table 1.
Demographics
| African American (BMI data missing for n = 11) | Other (BMI data missing for n = 8) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| African American (n = 244) | Other race (n = 174) | Underweight/ lean (n = 15) | Normal (n = 106) | Overweight (n = 51) | Obese (n = 61) | Underweight/ lean (n = 11) | Normal (n = 75) | Overweight (n = 37) | Obese (n = 43) | |
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| Demographics | ||||||||||
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| Age (range = 14–25) | 20.7 (2.6) | 20.8 (2.7) | 21.4 (3.0) | 20.5 (2.7) | 21.1 (2.9) | 20.9 (2.4) | 20.1 (2.0) | 20.7 (3.0) | 20.6 (2.1) | 21.2 (2.8) |
| Education (mean highest grade completed) | 11.6 (1.4) | 10.9 (1.9) | 11.9 (0.80) | 11.7 (1.5) | 11.5 (1.4) | 11.6 (1.3) | 11.8 (1.5) | 11.0 (1.7) | 11.2 (1.5) | 10.2 (2.6) |
| High school dropout (%) | 18.9 | 39.2 | 6.7 | 18.9 | 25.5 | 16.4 | 18.2 | 38.7 | 27.0 | 55.8 |
| Median family income ($) | 34,278 (10,947) | 36,812 (14,089) | 37,807 (14,667) | 34,269 (11,201) | 34,474 (9890) | 33,577 (10,362) | 38,483 (18,404) | 39,740 (15,396) | 35,360 (13,923) | 33,380 (10,509) |
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| Clinical | ||||||||||
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| Primigravida (yes = 1), % | 45.5 | 49.4 | 66.7 | 51.9 | 43.1 | 31.1 | 81.8 | 43.2 | 43.2 | 37.2 |
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| Blood pressure first read | ||||||||||
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| SBP | 115 (14) | 110 (12) | 103 (10) | 112 (11) | 117 (15) | 121 (15) | 104 (14) | 107 (9) | 113 (16) | 112 (12) |
| DBP | 71 (10) | 67 (8) | 64 (7) | 72 (10) | 70 (8) | 73 (11) | 63 (10) | 65 (7) | 69 (8) | 69 (8) |
| MAP | 86 (10) | 81 (8) | 77 (6) | 85 (10) | 86 (9) | 89 (11) | 77 (10) | 79 (7) | 84 (9) | 83 (9) |
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| Excessive weight gain (IOM guidelines), % | 61.2 | 69.9 | 30.8 | 47.0 | 79.5 | 77.0 | 57.1 | 58.1 | 81.3 | 79.5 |
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| Stress | ||||||||||
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| Workload | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.3 (1.3) | 0.73 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.4) |
| Social conflict | 21.0 (7.2) | 19.1 (6.8) | 20.2 (7.7) | 21.1 (7.1) | 21.1 (6.8) | 21.5 (7.7) | 16.2 (7.0) | 19.3 (6.9) | 19.0 (6.9) | 19.0 (6.8) |
| Perceived stress | 17.9 (7.0) | 17.3 (6.8) | 18.8 (7.0) | 17.8 (6.9) | 17.4 (6.7) | 18.9 (7.0) | 14.3 (5.7) | 17.2 (6.2) | 16.7 (7.4) | 18.5 (7.6) |
| Prenatal distress | 15.3 (6.9) | 14.7 (7.4) | 13.7 (7.3) | 15.7 (6.7) | 15.6 (6.7) | 14.7 (7.3) | 14.8 (10.2) | 14.3 (7.6) | 14.6 (7.0) | 15.0 (6.9) |
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| Behavioral | ||||||||||
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| Year prior to pregnancy | ||||||||||
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| Smoking (yes = 1), % | 43.9 | 47.1 | 20.0 | 48.1 | 35.3 | 49.2 | 72.7 | 52.0 | 37.8 | 32.6 |
| Marijuana use (yes = 1), % | 32.4 | 19.0 | 46.7 | 40.0 | 27.5 | 31.1 | 9.0 | 25.3 | 10.8 | 7.0 |
| Alcohol use (yes = 1), % | 45.1 | 48.9 | 40.0 | 47.2 | 51.0 | 41.0 | 63.7 | 57.3 | 40.5 | 30.2 |
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| During pregnancy | ||||||||||
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| Smoking (yes = 1), % | 26.6 | 26.4 | 13.3 | 28.3 | 19.6 | 32.8 | 27.3 | 26.7 | 18.9 | 23.3 |
| Marijuana use (yes = 1), % | 11.5 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 0.0 |
| Alcohol use (yes = 1), % | 9.8 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 12.3 | 5.9 | 11.5 | 9.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 7.0 |
| Nutrition | 24.3 (5.5) | 25.0 (5.0) | 25.7 (5.1) | 24.2 (5.6) | 24.6 (6.0) | 23.7 (5.4) | 27.3 (4.9) | 26.1 (4.6) | 24.6 (5.4) | 23.2 (4.4) |
| Exercise | 3.4 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.1) | 3.3 (2.5) | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.5 (2.1) | 3.1 (2.0) | 2.4 (2.0) |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diabolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; IOM, Institute of Medicine.